356 CYCLOCARPINEE [PERTUSARIA 
Orper XIV. PERTUSARIACEA. 
Thallus crustaceous, effuse or determinate, attached by hyphz 
to the substratum, corticate or non-corticate above. Algal cells 
Protococcus. Apothecia, one or several, immersed in thalline 
protuberances (verruce or warts), the discs often compound, 
semi-enclosed, surrounded by a stout thalline margin ; paraphyses 
mostly branched and intricate ; asci 1-8-spored ; spores colourless 
or brownish, usually very large, oblong-ellipsoid, simple or 
l-septate. Spermogones with simple or sparingly branched 
sterigmata and acrogenous long spermatia. 
The affinity of the order is with Lecanoracew, more especially 
with the section Ochrolechia, which has been included in Pertusariaces 
by some lichenologists. There are two British genera :-— 
MPOTes HIVIDIS i desk iceeds .c cw eens-cneoe tee 56. Pertusaria. 
Spores d-geptates. ics <i... .ccvaseanseeapneees 57. Varicellaria. 
56. PERTUSARIA DC. FI. Fr. ii. p. 319 (1805). Variolaria 
Pers. in Ust. Ann. Bot. vii. p. 23 (1794) ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 46 
& in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 168; 8. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 490; 
Grev. Fl. Edin. p. 330; Tayl. in Mackay FI. Hib. ii. p. 112; 
Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 51. Porina Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 60 
(1810); 8S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 495 ; Hook. FI. Scot. ii. p. 45; 
Tayl. in Mackay FI. Hib. ii. p. 101. (Pl. 56.) 
Thallus continuous or cracked-areolate, thick and unequally 
warted and wrinkled, or thinner and smoothish, generally super- 
ficial, rarely subcorticolous (hypophleodal), Apothecia one or 
several immersed in the fertile protuberances (verruce or warts), 
more rarely impressed in the thalline areole, the discs appearing 
as minute. ostioles or broadening out into lecanorine form ; hypo- 
thecium colourless ; paraphyses long, very slender ; spores 1-8 
in the ascus, colourless or rarely blackish, simple, mostly very 
large, with a thick epispore, generally the asci alone are coloured 
deep blue with iodine. 
The name Variolaria precedes that of Pertusaria, but it was 
founded solely on a non-essential character—a sorediate thallus—and 
is therefore set aside. By some of the older writers Variolaria was 
classified along with somewhat indefinite genera, such as Spiloma. 
Certain species of Variolaria recorded in the older British Floras are 
now indeterminable in the absence of specimens. Such are Vario- 
laria cinerea 8m. Engl. Bot. t. 2411 (1812) ; Hook. in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. 
p.170. V. torta Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 114 (1836). V. terri- 
cola Tayl. tom. cit. p. 115 is less indefinite, as a specimen in the 
Salwey herbarium labelled “ from Dr. Taylor” is a sterile thallus of 
Baomyces roseus. There are several species of Variolaria recorded 
by Turner and Borrer in “ Lichenographia Britannica,” such as 
V. vitiligo, V. griseo-virens, ete., that are of doubtful determination. 
It is noteworthy that though the above work was published in 1889 
