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368 CYCLOCARPINEZ [PERTUSARIA 
Form Westringii Nyl. in Flora lix. p. 234 (1876).—Thallus 
thin or thickish, determinate, cracked-areolate, more or less 
densely papillate, the papille minute, then large, simple or 
branched.—Cromb. in Grevillea xix. p. 59 (1891) & Monogr. i. 
p. 503. P. Westringii Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 236 (1871); ed. 3, 
p. 227 pro minima parte (excl. syn. P. lactescens). Lichen 
Westringii Ach. in Vet. Acad. Handl. xv. p. 179, t. 6, fig. 1 
(1794) ; Dicks. Pl. Crypt. fasc. iv. p. 20; Engl. Bot. t. 2204. 
Isidium Westringit Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 138 (1803) ; 8. F. Gray 
Nat. Arr. i. p. 412 (1821) (excl. syn. Lichen punctatus) ; Hook. 
Fl. Scot. ii. p. 66 & in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 231; Turn. & Borr. 
Lich. Brit. p. 92. 
Generally a thin plane thallus covered with papille, but these 
may coalesce into a somewhat warted condition when it approaches 
P. ceuthocarpus in appearance. Leighton’s description seems to 
refer largely to that species. It is a sterile form. 
Hab. On rocks and walls in maritime and mountainous districts. 
—Distr. Rather rare throughout the British Isles—B. M. Guernsey ; 
Jersey; near St. Austell and Penzance, Cornwall; Barmouth and 
Aberdovey, Merioneth; Arkendale, Durham; Thornthwaite, near 
Keswick, Cumberland; Achosragan Hill, Appin, Argyll; Craig 
Tulloch, Blair Athole, Perthshire; Glen Callater, Braemar, Aber- 
deenshire ; Kylemore, Connemara, Galway; Clare Island and Achill, 
Mayo. 
Thallus non-sorediate ; spores olivaceous or blackish. 
18. P. lactescens Mudd Man. p. 272 (1861) (excl. var. 
lactea).—Thallus thickish, smooth, unequal, becoming granulate 
or cracked-areolate (K + yellow, then red). Fertile verruce 
scattered, flat, contorted and difform, the apothecia innate in the 
areole, with a somewhat open blackish disc; spores usually 2 
(rarely 3-4), in the ascus, ellipsoid, becoming olivaceous or 
blackish (K + violet), 90-130 w long, 45-85 p» thick.—Cromb, 
Monogr. i. p. 504. P. spilomanthodes Nyl. in Flora Ixiv. p. 179 
(1881) ; Cromb. in Grevillea x. p. 23 (1881). 
Exsicc. Mudd n. 260. 
A purely British species so far as is yet known. In some of the 
specimens there are scattered sorediate or abraded small spots. 
P. spilomanthodes was collected at Ennerdale, Cumberland, by the 
Rev. W. Johnson. 
Hak. On rocks and walls in upland districts.—Dzistr. Rare in 
N. England.—B. M. Ayton Moor, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Ennerdale, 
Cumberland. 
19. P. urceolaria Nyl. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. p. 324 
(1873) note.—Thallus rather thin, cracked-areolate, the surface 
seabrid with short papille, whitish (K + yellow, then red), 
Apothecia small, sunk in the areolz, the disc blackish, depressed- 
urceolate, then becoming rather open, with a stoutish minutely 
