388 CYCLOCARPINE [GYROPHORA 
Series II. PYRENOCARPINEZ. 
(Tribe XX. PyrEnocarpEl, Part 2, p. 263.) 
Order *X XVI. Pyrenrp1ace&, Part 2, p. 264; described in part. 
»  X®&XVIIT. Dermarocarpaces, Part 2, p. 266. 
. “XXVIII. Verrucariace&, Part 2, p. 275; described in part. 
» *XXIX. Pyrenvuraces, Part 2, p. 312; described in part. 
XXX. THELOCARPACES, Part 2, p. 345. 
a XXI. TrRYPETHELIACE, Part 2, p. 347. 
»  ®©XXII. Mycoporaces. Part 2, p. 348. 
Orver XVI. GYROPHORACEZ. 
Thallus foliose, monophyllous or polyphyllous, corticate on 
both surfaces, attached by a central hold-fast or by rhizine. 
Algal cells Protococcus. Apothecia sessile or almost stalked, 
with proper margin only (lecideine) ; the disc plane or furrowed 
(gyrose) black; spores 1 to 8 in the ascus, colourless or dark- 
brown, simple or muriform. Spermogones with septate sterig- 
mata and pleurogenous short spermatia (in British genera). 
The Order is now classed with Cladoniacese and Lecideacew on 
account of the lecideine fruit. 
There are two British genera :— 
Apothecia usually with gyrose disc; spores mostly 
simple, colourless.cs........\nesadsusmiohs sooceune once ea tam Gyrophora. 
Apothecia with plane disc; spores large, muriform, 
1150) 2) PEE MEERA Ors ocicuocchiuscetucosose. reer Umbilicaria 
GYROPHORA Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 100 (1803). Unmbilicaria 
Hoffm. ex Schreb. Gen. Pl. ed. 8, ii. p. 768 (1791) pro parte ; 
Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xviii. p. 273 (1856) ; 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 40. (Pl. 62.) 
Thallus monophyllous or polyphyllous, with plectenchymatous 
cortex above and below, attached by a central or subcentral 
hold-fast and naked below or rhizinose. Apothecial dise plane, 
or furrowed more or less concentrically with alternate fertile 
and sterile tissue ; hypothecium dark-coloured ; paraphyses sub- 
discrete ; asci ellipsoid-cylindrical or broadly ellipsoid, 8-spored ; 
spores one-celled (rarely septate), rather small, ellipsoid, colour- 
less or becoming brownish. 
Acharius substituted for the earlier comprehensive name Umbili- 
caria that of Gyrophora, which he considered more descriptive and 
more suitable. It is now restricted to those species generally with 
gyrose fruits and colourless, mostly simple spores. The gyrose types of 
