398 CYCLOCARPINEE [GYROPHORA 
Hab. On rocks and boulders in alpine regions.—B. M. Mt. near 
Strathyre, Perthshire; Ben-naboord, Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Ben 
Nevis, Invernessshire. 
9. G. erosa Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 103 (1803).—Thallus mono- | 
phyllous, thin, rigid when dry, wrinkled areolate, laciniate and 
erose at the margins, olive-brown or biackish-brown; beneath 
finely granulate-papillose in parts or smooth, and minutely sub- 
fibrillose-scaly, pale-brown (K —, CaCl —). Apothecia small, 
plane, then somewhat convex; spores 8-12 p long, 4—7 p thick.— 
Cromb. in Grevillea xv. p. 79 (1887) & Monogr. i. p. 329. 
Lichen erosus Web. Spicil. Fl. Goett. p. 259 (1778)? Ach. Lich. 
Suec. Prodr. p. 145 (1798). 
Exsicc, Croall n. 393. 
Constantly confused with or included under the following species. 
It is distinguished by the thin flat thallus with the lace-like margin, 
the small seale-like fibrils of the under surface, and by the absence of 
thalline reactions. The erosions in this and the following species 
arise from the branching growth and subsequent anastomosis of 
narrow lacinie. The open spaces thus left are gradually bridged 
over by converging growth of the medulla from the margins; the 
centre of the thallus is thus almost continuous in the lower parts of 
the thallus though breaks persist in the gonidial and upper cortical 
layers for some time. 
Hab. On rocks in alpine regions.—Distr. Rare on the higher 
Grampians.—B. M. Lochnagar and Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 
10. G. torrefacta Cromb. in Grevillea xii. p. 74 (1884).— 
Thallus monophyllous, coriaceous, crumpled, the surface rough 
with irregular granulations or wrinkles, generally somewhat 
laciniate and erose at the margins, olive-brown or brownish- 
black ; beneath pale-brownish, finely granulate-papillose in parts, 
beset with perforations or often with fibrils or with trabecule 
between the perforations (K — CaCl + ™*"), Apothecia as in 
G. erosa.—Cromb. Monogr. i. p. 329. G. erosa var. torrida Ach. 
Meth. Lich. p. 104 (1803). G. erosa Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 2066 
(1809) (mon Ach.); 8. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 477; Hook. Fi. 
Scot. il. p. 42 & in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 218; Tayl. in Mackay 
Fl. Hib. ii. p. 155; Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 229 pro parte ; 
Mudd Man. p. 117. Lichenoides rugosum durum pullum, peltis 
atris verrucosis Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 118, t. 30, fig. 118 (1741). 
Lichen torrefactus Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 862 (1777) ; With. Arr. 
ed. 3, iv. p. 62. Umbilicaria erosa Hoftm. Fl. Deutchl. ii. p. 111 
(1795) pro parte; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 41 pro parte (intel. var. 
torrida) Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 158; ed. 3, p. 145. JU. varia var. 
erosa Leight. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xviii. p. 284 (1856). 
Exsice. Bohl. n. 19; Johns. n. 232. 
The two plants G. erosa and G. torrefacta are easily distinguished, 
especially by the lacunose trabeculate under surface of the latter 
likened to shavings in Engl. Bot. 1. c., though it is doubtful if the 
