GYROPHORA | GYROPHORACE® 399 
differences may not be due to some growth condition. In G. torre- 
facta the gonidial zone up to the darker cells of the cortex becomes 
a somewhat evanescent rose-red, on the application of calcium 
chloride to the thallus sections, and is more marked in some speci- 
mens than in others; with potash there is no colour réaction. 
Occasionally the margins are lacerate (G. torrida f. subdividens Nyl. 
ex Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xx. p. 273 (1882)).—The lacune of the 
lower surface evidently arise by the breaking down of the tissue and 
not from anastomising lacinie as at the margin. 
Hab. On rocks and boulders in upland to alpine regions.— Distr. 
General and common in most of the upland or mountainous districts 
of Great Britain and Ireland.—B. M. Causand Beacon and Great 
Mis Tor, Dartmoor and Walkhampton, Devon; Cader Idris and near 
Barmouth, Merioneth; Carnedd Dafydd, Cwm Trefayn, Dywen and 
Snowdon, Carnarvonshire; Swinhope Fell, Durham; The Cheviots 
and West Allen Carrs, Northumberland; New Galloway, Kirkeud- 
brightshire ; Goatfell, Arran; Ben Cruachan, Argyll; Ben More and 
Ben Lawers, Perthshire; Katelaw and Clova, Forfarshire; Loch 
Muick, Craig Coinnoch and Ben-naboord, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; 
Ben Nevis, Invernessshire; Bennabad, Caithness; Killarney Mts. 
and Mangerton, Kerry; Doughruagh Mts., Connemara, Galway ; 
Curslieve, Croagh Patrick, and Slieve More and Malaranny, Achill, 
Mayo. 
11. G. polyrrhiza Koerb. Parerg. Lich. p. 41 (1859).—Thallus 
monophyllous or very deeply and unequally lobed and sub- 
polyphyllous, moderate in size or small, crenate and undulate at 
the margins, more or less deeply reddish-brown, smooth and 
somewhat shining above ; beneath very black, minutely papillate 
and almost everywhere densely rhizinose, the rhizine shortly 
and divaricately branched at the apex (K — CaCl + ™?**). 
Apothecia orbicular or irregular, plane, then convex and finely 
gyrose; spores small, 8-11 yu long, 4—5 w thick.—Mudd Man. 
p. 119; Cromb. Monogr. i. p. 333. G. pellita Ach. Meth. Lich. 
p- 108 (1803) ; 8. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 478 ; Hook. FI. Scot. ii. 
p- 42 & in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 219; Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. 
p- 155; Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 338. Lichenoides pullum 
superne et glabrum, inferne nigrum et cirrhosum Dill. Hist. Musc. 
p. 226, t. 30, fig. 130 (1741). Lichen polyrrhizos (errore poly- 
rlizos) L. Sp. Pl. p. 1151 (1753); Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 455; 
Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii, p. 864; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 64. 
L. velleus Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 454 (1762) (non Linn.). Lichen 
pellitus Ach. in Vet. Acad. Handl. xv. p. 99 (1794); Engl. Bot. 
t. 931. Unmbilicaria polyrrhizos Fr. Lich. Eur. p. 358 (1831) : 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 41 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 159; ed. 3, p. 146. 
Ezxsicc. Croall n. 197; Johns. n. 233; Mudd n. 89. 
Distinguished by the crowded pannose matted rhizine with apical 
branching ; they curl round at the margin and burst through to the 
upper surface where any break occurs in the thallus, as small black 
tufts, the “‘ branching black warts” of English Botany. Apothecia 
are very rare. 
