GYROPHORA | GYROPHORACEE 401 
1889 fide Wilson & Wheldon ll. c. It was collected by Wilson & 
Wheldon at the same locality in 1908. 
Hab. Saxicolous in upland or mountainous regions.—B. M. Lang- 
dale Pikes, Westmoreland. 
UMBILICARIA Hoffm. ex Schreb. Gen. PI. ed. 8, i. p. 768 
(1791). Subg. Lasallia Cromb. Monogr. i. p. 322 (1894). 
Lasallia Mérat. Nouv. Fl. Paris i. p. 398 (1836). (Pl. 63.) 
Thallus rather large, coriaceous attached by a single central 
or subcentral holdfast, with plectenchymatous cortex above and 
below, without rhizine. Apothecia sessile, discoid, the disc 
mostly plane ; hypothecium dark-coloured ; paraphyses discrete ; 
asci ellipsoid, 1—2-spored ; spores ellipsoid, dark-coloured, muri- 
form, with a thin epipspore. 
Hoffmann first used the name Umbilicaria in binomial combina- 
tion in his Pl. Lich. i. p. 7, figs. 1-2 (1790). It was defined as a 
genus by Schreber the following year. The species included by 
Hoffman under Umbilicaria in Pl. Lich. and in Deutschl. FI. ii (1795), 
are nearly all Gyrophore as now understood; but as Acharius at a 
later date instituted the name Gyrophora for species with mostly 
furrowed apothecia, the genus Umbilicaria is restricted to those with 
plane fruits and, more definitely, to those with dark muriform spores. 
The genera are closely allied, but are now well delimited. 
1. U. pustulata Hoffm. Pl. Lich. ii. p. 13, t. 28, figs. 1-2 
& t. 29, fig. 4 (1794).—Thallus normally orbicular, monophyllous, 
rather thin, attaining a large size (up to 18 cm. across, or more), 
becoming irregularly torn and lobed, crowded with pustulose 
swellings with corresponding depressions (foveole) on the under 
surface, pale-greyish or greyish-brown, with here and there 
compact groups of branching dark-brown isidia, both surfaces 
often densely pruinose and finely areolate, the lower surface 
dark-brown (K—, CaCl F ,.aaisn). Apothecia moderate in size 
or rather small, blackish, the disc plane or depressed, the proper 
margin crenulate-rugose ; paraphyses discrete, septate, rather 
wider and dark at the tips; spores one in the ascus, 28-70 y long, 
18-34 p thick (or sometimes larger); hymenial gelatine bluish 
then wine-red with iodine.-—Hook. in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 219; 
Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xviii. p. 294 (1856) & 
Lich. Fl. p. 154; ed. 3, p. 143 ; Mudd Man. p. 115, t. 2, fig. 35. 
Lichenoides pustulosum cinereum et veluti ambustum Dill. Muse. 
p. 226, t. 30, fig. 131 a, B (1741). Lichen pustulatus L. Sp. Pl. 
p- 1150 (1753) ; Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 454; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. 
p. 858; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 64; Engl. Bot. t. 1283. 
Gyrophora pustulata Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 226 (1810); S. F. Gray 
Nat. Arr. i. p. 478 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 42 ; Tayl. in Mackay 
Fl. Hib. ii. p. 155; Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 232; Cromb. 
Lich. Brit. p. 40. 
Ezxsicc. Bohl. n. 125; Cromb. n. 52; Johns. n. 230; Larb. 
Cesar. n, 25; Leight. n. 166. 
I. 2 D 
