STEREOCAULON | *  CLADONIACE® 413 
9. St. tomentosum Fr. Sched. Critt. iii. p. 20 (1824) pro 
parte ; Th. Fr. Ster. Pil. Comm. p. 29 (1857).—Podetia solitary 
or loosely czspitose, ascending or spreading, 3-9 cm. high, 
branched above, the axis densely tomentose ; podetial squamules 
palmate-digitate, crowded above, scarcely any below, whitish or 
greyish-green. Cephalodia minute, greyish or bluish-green, con- 
taining Nostoc. Apothecia small, terminal and lateral, concave, 
becoming subglobose, brown or dark-brown; spores elongate- 
fusiform, 3- rarely 5—7-septate, 22-37 p long, 2-3 p thick.— 
Mudd Man. p. 65; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 17 & Monogr. i. p. 119 ; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 78; ed. 3, p. 70. 
Ezxsice. Dicks. Hort. Sicc. n. 24 (as Lichen paschalis). 
Distinguished from the preceding by the tomentum on the podetia, 
though that disappears somewhat with age. Apothecia are rather 
rare in British specimens; spermogones are more frequent, with 
spermatia 5-6 » long, 1 p thick. 
Hab. Among gravel in stony places in maritime and subalpine 
districts.—Distr. Local and scarce in §8.W. and N. England and in 
the hilly regions of Scotland—B. M. Near Tavistock, Devon; 
Helvellyn, Cumberland; Sands of Barrie and Clova Mts., Forfarshire ; 
Ben-naboord, Glen Dee, Glen Lui Beg, Braemar and Ben Macdhui, 
Aberdeenshire ; Ben Nevis and Glen Feshie, Invernessshire. 
10. St. alpinum Laur. ex Fr. Lich. Eur. p. 204 (1831).— 
Podetia rather short, branched and densely congested, adherent 
to the substratum, the axis thinly tomentose ; podetial squamules 
above of conglomerate turgid granules almost obscuring the 
branches, more sparse below and subpalmate. Ceplialodia bluish- 
green, containing Nostoc. Apothecia few, usually terminal and 
dilated, plane, becoming convex, dark-red or brownish-black ; 
spores 3- rarely 5—7-septate, 22-37 pw long, 2-3 w thick.—Cromb. 
in Grevillea xv. p. 15 (1886) & Monogr. i. p. 119. St. tomentosum 
var. alpinum Th, Fr. Ster. Pil. Comm. p. 30 (1857); Cromb. Lich. 
Brit. p. 17; Leight. Lich. Fl, p. 78; ed. 3, p. 71. St. paschale 
var. alpinum Mudd Man. p. 66 (1861). 
Exsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 7. 
Distinguished from the preceding by character of the more erect 
congested podetia and the crowded turgid squamules. 
Hab. On the ground and on boulders in subalpine districts.— 
Distr. Local and scarce among the Scottish Grampians and W. Ireland. 
—B.M. Ben Vrackie, Perthshire; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 
CLADONIA Hill Hist. Pl. p. 91 (1751) pro parte; Hoffm. 
Deutschl. Fl. ii. p. 114 (1795). Seyphophorum Necker Elem. Bot. 
ili, p. 350 (1790). Cenomyce Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 105 (1810); 
Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 61 (1821). Helopodium, Schasmaria and 
Scyphophora 8. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. pp. 416, 417 (1821). Seypho- 
phorus Hook. in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 236 (1833). (PI. 68.) 
Primary thallus crustaceous, squamulose or subfoliaceous, 
