CLADONIA | CLADONIACEX 417 
ser. 3, xvill. p. 419 (1866) & Lich. Fl. p. 73; ed. 3, p. 67; 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 22 & Monogr. i. p. 176. 
Fairly constant in appearance, though probably an abnormal 
growth form due to excessive moisture. It is rarely fertile. 
Hab. In moist places on moorlands.— Distr. Rare in S.W. and 
Central England, $. Scotland.—B. M. Near Penzance, Cornwall ; 
Hampstead, London (18th century); Charnwood Forest, Leicester- 
shire ; New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; Moor of Rannoch, Perth- 
shire; Glen Dee, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 
3. C. alpestris Rabenh. Clad. Eur. p. 11, fide Bausch in 
Verh. Nat. Ver. Carlsruhe, iv. p. 17 (1869).—Podetia somewhat 
soft, with apical dense radiately spreading cymose branches 
forming a thyrsus, the main axis stoutish, that of the branches 
and branchlets rather slender, tips upright, usually light-straw- 
coloured (K —, K(CaCl) + yellow). Apothecia rare in Great 
Britain, minute, solitary or aggregate, brown or reddish-brown ; 
spores fusiform or oblong, 10-14 pw long, 3-3°5 yp thick.—C. ran- 
giferina var. alpestris Mudd Man. p. 59 (1861) & f. alpestris 
Brit. Clad. p. 25 (1865). Coralloides montanum fruticuli specie, 
ubique candicans Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 107, t. 16, fig. 298, F. 
Lichen rangiferinus alpestris Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1153 (1753). L. 
alpestris Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 458 (1762); Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. 
p- 877. Cladina sylvatica var. alpestris Nyl. in Not. Siillsk. 
Faun. & FI. Fenn. n. s. v. p. 176 (1866); Leight. in Ann. Mag. 
Nat. Hist. ser. 3, xviii. p. 419 (1866); Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 22 
& Monogr. i. p. 177; £. alpestris Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 73; ed. 3, 
. 66. 
Eaxsice. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 85. 
So well-marked and constant in the form of the branching that it 
is now held to rank as a species. It is rarely fertile in the British 
Isles. The spermogones contain a rose-red colouring substance. 
Hab. In moist places in woods and moorlands in upland and sub- 
alpine regions.—Dvstr. Rare in England and Ireland; more frequent 
among the Grampians, Scotland.—B. M. Rhewgreidden, Merioneth ; 
Glen Lochay, Perthshire; Hill of Ardo, near Aberdeen and Ben- 
naboord, Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Glen Nevis, Invernessshire ; 
Ballytore, Kildare ; Kylemore and Roundstone, Galway. 
Form pumila A. L. Sm.—Podetia shorter, very much branched, 
forming somewhat dense cushions, rather fragile-——Cenomyce 
rangiferina var. pumila Ach. Lich, Univ. p. 566 (1810). C. ran- 
giferina £. lappacea Floerk. Clad. Comm. p. 162 (1828); Mudd 
Brit. Clad. p. 25. Cladina sylvatica ft. pumila Leight. Lich. FI. 
p- 73 (1871); ed. 3, p. 67; var. alpestris f. pumila Cromb. Lich. 
Brit. p. 22 (1870) & Monogr. i. p. 177. 
Exsicc. Mudd Clad. n. 59. 
Hab. In dry bare places or heaths, and on turf walls in upland 
districts.— Distr. Local and scarce in Great Britain, not seen from 
Treland.—B. M. Broadwater Forest, Sussex; Leith Hill, Surrey; 
i 2 E 
