422 CYCLOCARPINEE [CLADONIA 
Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 45; Engl. Bot. t. 907. Pycnothelia papillaria 
Duf. in Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. viii. p. 46 (1821); 8. F. Gray Nat. 
Arr. i. p. 424 (1821); Hook. in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 241; Cromb. - 
Lich. Brit. p. 18 & Monogr. i. p. 124; Leight. Lich. Fl. p 55 ; 
ed. 3, p. 52. Cenomyce papillaria Ach. Lich. Uniy. p. 571 
(1810); Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 82. 
Exsicc. Cromb. n. 121; Croall n. 602; Leight. n. 208; 
Mudd n. 22 & Clad. n. 80. 
The crustaceous, persistent thallus distinguishes this species from 
other Cladoniz ; the hollow, thin walled podetia somewhat suggest a 
minute C. wncialis, they are usually scattered, though sometimes 
crowded. 
Hab. On the ground in dry exposed places.—Dist. General, but 
not common, mostly in the hilly and mountainous tracts of Great 
Britain and Ireland—B. M. St. Breock and Cardinham, Cornwall ; 
Dorset; Bournemouth, Hants; Ardingly Rocks and Broadwater 
Forest, Sussex ; Llandrindod Hill, Radnorshire; Baysdale and Ayton, 
Cleveland, Yorkshire; Egglestone, Durham; New Galloway, Kirk- 
cudbrightshire ; Appin, Argyll; Ben Lawers and Rannoch, Perth- 
shire; Clova, Forfar ; Ben-naboord, Morrone and above Loch Callater, 
Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Ben Nevis, Invernessshire; Applecross, 
Rossshire ; near Lairg, Sutherland; Doneraile Mts., Cork; Kilkee, 
Clare; Killarney, Kerry ; Glendarry Mt., Corraun Mt., Cushlecka Mt., 
and Slieve More Mt., Achill, Mayo. 
Var. molariformis Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 50 (1861).—Podetia 
stouter, longer, and branched towards the apices, the branches 
subfastigiate.—Subsp. molariformis Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. ii. p. 117 
(1795). Pyenothelia papillaria var. molariformis Cromb. Lich. 
Brit. p. 18 (1870) ; form molariformis Cromb. in Grevillea xi. 
p. 111 (1883) & Monogr. i. p. 125. 
A robust luxuriant variety with the podetia crowded and branched, 
and the horizontal thallus but little visible. Apothecia have not been 
found on our specimens and spermogones are rare. 
Hab. On the ground among rocks, plentiful where it occurs.— 
B. M. Ardingly Rocks, Sussex. 
Var. apoda Nyl. in Flora, xlviii. p. 211 (1878), note.-—Thallus 
thinly crustaceous, white or whitish ; podetia small, or scarcely 
formed. Apothecia sessile, small, often aggregate, immarginate, 
rusty-red or ochraceous ; spores fusiform-oblong, 7-10 yp long, 
4. thick. Pyenothelia apoda Nyl. in Flora, 1xi, p. 24 (1878) ; 
Cromb. in Grevillea, vii. p. 97 (1879) & Monogr. i. p. 125; 
Leight, Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 544. Specimen not seen. 
Described as differing in the reduced podetia, instances of which 
are also sparingly met with on the species. Nylander records that 
the spermogones commonly occur in the hymenium. 
Hab. On the ground in a maritime distriet in N.W. Ireland 
(Kylemore, Galway). 
