426 CYCLOCARPINEE [| CLADONTA 
brown or reddish-brown sometimes coalescing; spores oblong, 
8-14 w long, 3-4°5 pw thick—Mudd Man. pp. 53-54 pro parte 
(incl. ff. simplex, marginalis, and var. neglecta) & Brit. Clad. 
pp. 7-8 pro parte (incl. ff. neglecta, simplex, staphylea, syntheta 
and lophyra); Crombs Lich. Brit. p. 18 pro parte (incl. var. 
symphicarpa) & in Grevillea xi. p. 111 (1883) (inel. f. lophyra and 
var. symphicarpa) & Monogr. i. p. 129 (incl. f. lophyra) ; Leight. 
Lich. FI. p. 60; ed. 3, p. 56 pro parte (excel. vars., incl. f. costata) ; 
subsp. simplex and marginalis Hoffm. Deutschl. FI. ii. pp. 121-3 
(1795); var. costata Floerk. Clad. Comm. p. 66 (1828). Lichenoides 
tubulosum pyxidatum cinereum Dill. in Ray Syn. ed. 3, p. 68, n. 28 
(1724) pro parte. Coralloides scyphiforme, tuberculis fuscis Dill. 
Hist. Muse. p. 79, t. 14, figs. 6c and 1-m (1741). Lichen 
pyxidatus Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1151 (1753) pro parte ; Huds. Fl. Angl. 
p. 456 ; Lightf. FI). Scot. ii. p. 869 pro parte ; With. Arr. ed. 3, 
iv. p. 36 (excl. var. 2); Engl. Bot. t. 1393. L. simplea Roth 
Tent. Fl. Germ. p. 510 (1788)? LL. symphicarpus Ach. Lich. 
Suec. Prodr. p. 198 (1798). Seyphophorus pyxidatus DC. Fi. 
Fr. ii. p. 339 (1805) (excl. vars.) ; S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 419 ; 
Hook. in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 238. Beaomyces pyxidatus var. staphy- 
leus Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 339 (1803). B. fimbriatus var. synthetus 
Ach. tom. cit. 342. Capitularia neglecta Floerk. ex Web. & Mohr 
Beitr. Nat. ii. p. 306 (1810).  Cenomyce pyxidata Ach. Lich. 
Univ. p. 534 (1810) pro parte (incl. var. lophyra, p. 535) ; Hook. 
Fl. Scot. p. 62; Grev. Fl. Edin. p. 343. C. coccifera Tayl. in 
Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 81 (1836) pro parte. 
Exsicc. Bohl. n. 32; Johns. nos. 10, 215, 214; Leight. n. 407 ; 
Mudd Clad. n. 6. 
Distinguished by the rather short podetia which gradually widen 
out into a broad scyphus up to 1 cm. wide, and also by the coarse 
granules with which usually it is covered, especially on the inside 
of the scyphus. It is an extremely variable species with many 
forms and varieties, which are to be regarded rather as growth forms 
since more than one may be represented on the same specimen. 
Among those forms that have been observed in our country f. simplex 
has very broad coarsely granular scyphi bearing only pyenidia ; 
f. neglecta and f. symphicarpa have confluent apothecia, but the 
former has short granulate-verrucose podetia, these being smoother 
in f. symplicarpa; the apothecia are pedicellate and podetia long 
in f. staphylea; in f. syntheta the margins of the scyphi are pro- 
liferous, in f. lophyra they are fringed with small squamules, while 
in f. costata the podetium is decorticate and bare. 
Hab. On the ground, old walls, rocks and about the roots of trees. 
—Distr. General and common throughout Great Britain, rare in the 
Channel Islands.—B. M. Guernsey; St. Breock, St. Breward and 
near Bodmin, Cornwall; Becky Falls and Dartmoor, Devon; New 
Forest, Hants; St. Leonards, Hassocks and Wolstonbury, Sussex ; 
Putney, Surrey ; Hanwell and Hampstead Heath, Middlesex; Epping 
Forest, Essex; Shropshire; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire; Buxton, 
Derbyshire; Aberdovey and Dolgelly, Merioneth; Carnedd Dafydd, 
Carnarvonshire; Golfa, N. Wales; Kildale Moor and Ayton, Cleve- 
