CLADONIA] CLADONIACER 443 
Distinguished by the scanty squamules and by the semi-corticate 
podetia, which are 5 to 10 cm. high. Apothecia and spermogones are 
very rare in British specimens. 
Hab. Among mosses on the ground, on heather, and in woods in 
upland tracts.— Distr. Rather rare in N. England and the Grampians, 
Scotland.—B. M. Ayton Moor, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Sheriffmuir, 
Stirlingshire; Rannoch and Killiecrankie, Perthshire; Ballochbuie 
Forest, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Rothiemurchus, Invernessshire. 
Form clavulus Fr. Lich. Eur. p. 225 (1831).—Podetia short, 
turgid, curved, granular-furfuraceous, corticate in small areas or 
near the base, without scyphi.mCromb. Monogr. i. p. 142. 
Hardly to be distinguished from ‘ cornute” forms of C. fimbriata 
except by the corticate areas. It is evidently a sterile form. 
Hab. On turf walls in upland districts.—Distr. Local and scarce 
among the Central and N. Grampians, Scotland.—B. M. Rannoch, 
Perthshire ; Glen Quoich, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 
: 4. Podetia fissured or latticed. 
22. C. macrophylla Stenh. in Ofvers. K. Vet. Akad. Foérh. 
1865, p. 231.—Primary thallus of rather large squamules, 
glaucous-green above, whitish beneath, crenate at the margins ; 
podetia moderate in size, cylindrical, rough with small squamulose 
outgrowths from the areole of the cortex, ascyphous or with 
narrow scyphi, becoming fissured (K + yellowish, CaCl —). 
Apothecia often rather large and confluent, brown; spores 
8-11 » long, 3°5 » thick.—Cromb. in Grevillea xi. p. 113 (1885) 
& Monogr. i. p. 145. C. ventricosa var. macrophylla Scheer. Lich. 
Helv. Spice. p. 316 (1833). 
Approaches C. cariosa in the splitting of the podetia. It has been 
confounded with a continental species, C. decorticata, from which it 
differs in the character both of squamules and podetia. 
Hab. On earth-covered boulders and ledges of rocks in wooded 
mountainous regions.— Distr. Rare among the Grampians, Scotland. 
—B. M. Head of Glen Quoich, Braemar, Aberdeenshire (recorded 
also from Craig Calliach, Perthshire). 
23. C. cariosa Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. p. 272 (1827).— 
Squamules of primary thallus usually small (rarely large), 
rounded and crenate, scattered or crowded, greyish-glaucous, 
white beneath ; podetia rather short to medium length, simple 
or branched, smooth and partly denudate then granular, white 
or greyish-glaucous, becoming latticed and open as if carious, the 
scyphi when present dividing into subfastigiate branches (K + 
yellow, CaCl —). Apothecia turgid, overtopping the branches, 
brown ; spores 9-13 p long, 4-5 w thick.—Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 
2761; Mudd Brit. Clad. p. 6; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 19 & 
Monogr. i. p. 134; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 57; ed. 3, p. 565. 
C. gracilis var. degenerans f. cariosa Mudd Man. p. 55 (1861). 
