CLADONIA | CLADONIACEH 447 
Fife ; Baldovan, Sidlaw Hflls and Clova, Forfarshire, Appin, Argyll; 
Killin and Glen Lochay, Perthshire; Craig Cluny, Glen Dee and 
Glen Callater, Braemar, Hill of Fare and Countesswells, Aberdeen- 
shire; near Cork; Killarney, Kerry; Castle Connel, Limerick; 
Malaranny and Clare Island, Mayo. 
Var. spinosa Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, xviii. 
p. 413 (1866) (? Hook.).—Podetia rigid, glabrous, decumbent, 
and often entangled, slender or stoutish, the branches curved 
and flexuose, here and there spinulose. Apothecia small, dark- 
brown.—Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 65; ed. 3, p. 60 pro parte ; Cromb. 
Monogr. i. p. 151; C. furcata var. pungens f. spinulosa Mudd 
Brit. Clad. p. 24 (1865)? Coralloides sparsum caulibus tortuosis 
et spinosis Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 101, t. 16, fig. 25 (1741). Lichen 
spinosus Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 459 (1762); Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. 
p- 882; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 45. 
Distinguished by the rather lax irregularly branched and curved 
podetia, and by the presence of the short erect or recurved spines. It 
is often very dark in colour. 
Hab. On the ground in moorlands and on turf-walls in upland 
districts —Distr. Fairly common throughout Great Britain and 
Treland.—B. M. Dartmoor, Devon; Lavington Common and Downs, 
Sussex; Epping Forest, Essex; Bardon Hill, Leicestershire; Aber- 
dovey, Merioneth ; Anglesea; Newmarket Heath, Cambridge ; Ingleby 
Park, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Harris Moor, Cumberland; The Cheviots, 
Northumberland ; Craig Calliach and Rannoch, Perthshire; Baldovan 
and Sidlaw Hills, Forfarshire; Glen Muick and near Inverary, 
Braemar and Countesswells, Aberdeenshire ; Glen Nevis, Inverness- 
shire ; Seymourhill Bog, near Belfast, Antrim. 
Var. palamea Nyl. ex Zwackh Lich. Heidelb. p. 12 (1883). 
—Podetia stoutish, curved, nodulose-rugose or smooth, usually 
somewhat dilated and branched at the apices.—C. furcata var. 
spadicea Floerk. Clad. Comm. p. 146 (1828); var. subulata 
f. spadicea Mudd Brit. Clad. p. 23 (1865); subsp. racemosa 
f. palamea Cromb. in Grevillea xii. p. 91 (1884) & Monogr. i. 
. 152. Bezomyces spinosus var. palamzeus Ach. Meth. Lich. 
p- 359 (1803). 
Eaxsicc. Mudd Clad. n. 52. 
Not unlike var. spinosa but generally darker in colour and destitute 
of spines. The cortex is subcontinuous and the areole are swollen. 
Hab. On the ground in upland localities.—Distr. Very rare in 
S.W. and N. England.—B. M. Brighton Downs, Sussex; near Shiere, 
Surrey; Bathampton Downs, Somerset; Guisboro’ Moor, Cleveland, 
Yorkshire, 
Var. pinnata Wain. Mon. Clad. Univ. i. p. 332 (1887).— . 
Podetia more or less thickly beset with squamules, elongate, 
stoutish, often fissured, the branches erect, furcate at the apices, 
perforate or closed at the axils. Apothecia minute, brown.— 
CO. furcata var. racemosa ff. regalis and polyphylla Floerk. Clad. 
