32 COLLEMACEI. [lICHINA. 



1. L. pygmaea Ag. Syn. Alg. 1817, p. 9 ; Nyl. Syn. i. p. 91, t. ii. 

 f. 16. — Thallus somewhat small, ca^spitosely branched, greenish- or 

 brownish-black ; branches erect, compressed upwards, obtuse at the 

 apices. Apothecia small, concolorous, the ostiole slightly open or 

 irregularly dehiscent; spores 0,022-29 mm. long, 0,011-16 mm. 

 thick. — Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 388 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 96 ; Sm. 

 Engl. Fl. V." p. 270 ; Grev. Scot. Crypt, t. 219 ; Tavl. in Mack. Fl. 

 Hib. ii. p. 170 ; Mudd, Man. p. 33, t. i. f. 1 : Cromb. Lich. Brit, 

 p. 2 ; Leight. Ann. Mag. Xat. Hist. ser. 3, xvi. p. 12, t. iv. 

 f. 21 ; Lich. Fl. p. 13, ed. 3, p. 11. — Fucus pyqm(pus Lightf. Fl. 

 Scot. ii. (1777) p. 96-1, t. 32 ; With. Arr. ed. 3, p.' 100 : Turn. Hist. 

 Fuc. t. 204. IF. a-li : Eng. Bot. t. 1322. Fucus pumilus Huds. Fl. 

 Augl. ed. 2, p. 584. — Brif. E.vs. : Leight. n. 260 ; Larbal. Caesar, 

 n. 51 ; Cromb. n. 1. 



This plant, which is about half an inch or a little more in height, 

 might certainly, at tirst siarht, be taken for a diminutive Fucus. The 

 fructification, however, sutHciently shows its true systematic place ; and 

 indeed, considering that Lightf(_)Ot (/. c.) pointed out how nearly it was 

 related to Lichens, it is strange that it should have been so long referred 

 to the AlgJB. Both the apothecia and the spermogones are numerous, 

 the latter with speniiatia ellipsoid or oblongo-eUipsoid, about O,0U3 mm. 

 long, 0,001 mm. thick. 



Hub. On rocks exposed to the action of the tide in maritime districts. — 

 Dktr. General and common on all the more rocky coasts of the Channel 

 Islands, Great Britain, and Ireland, but apparently not occurring in the 

 N.E. of Scotland. — B. M. : Islands of Guernsey, Sark, and Aldemey. 

 Ventnor, Isle of "Wight : Ilsham rocks, near Torquay, Bigbury Bay, and 

 Boveysand Bay, Devonshire ; Mount's Bay, St. Minver, and Sc-illy Isles, 

 Cornwall ; near Peel, Isle of Man : near Whitehaven, Cumberland. 

 Near Caroline Park, Edinburgh ; Loch Creran and Island of Mull, 

 Argyleshii'e. Near Castlefreke, co. Cork : coast of Connemara, Galway. 



2. L. confinis Ag. Sp. Alg. 1823, p. 105. — ThaUus rather small, 

 densely ctespitosely branched, oHve- or brownish-black ; branches 

 erect, rounded, subfastigiate. Apothecia small, concolorous, the 

 ostiole slightly open or irregularly dehiscent ; spores 0,022-29 mm. 

 long. 0,01 1-16 mm. thick.— Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 270 ; Tayl. in Mack. 

 Fl.Hib. ii. p. 170 ; Mudd, Man. p. 34 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 2 ; 

 Leight. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, xvi. p. 12, t. 4. f, 22; 

 Lich. Fl. p. 13, ed. 3, p. 12. — Lichen confinis Ach. Prodr. (1798) 

 p. 208 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2575. Fucus pygmceus /j. minor Turn. Hist. 

 Fuc. t. 204. ff. i-o. Lichina pumila Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 388. 

 Lichinn jyyr/nuea (d. minor Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 98. — Brit. Exs. : 

 Larbal. Caesar, n. 1 ; Lich. Hb. n. 281. 



From L. pycpncea, to which it is subsimilar, this is distinguished by 

 being considerably smaller, scarcely \ in. high, even in favourable situa- 

 tions, and by having the branches more crowded and not compressed. 

 The apothecia are frequent, though in situations farther removed from 

 tidal action it often occurs infertile. The spermogones, especially iu 

 other\rise barren specimens, are very abundant, with spermatia 0,0030- 

 o5 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. 



