84 LTCHENACEI. [sPHINCTIIIXA. 



wooded tracts. — Distr. General and uot uncommon in England ; rare in 

 S. and Central Scotland and in S. Ireland. — B. M.: Itozel, Island (if 

 Jersey; Guernsey. Yarmoutb, Snftblk ; Epping Forest, Essex; Shiere, 

 Surrey ; Sibertswold, Kent ; Ilenfield and St. Leonard's Forest, Sussex ; 

 Ventnor, Isle of Wight ; New Forest, Hants ; near AVitliiel, Cornwall ; 

 Cliedwortb "Woods and Oaliley Park, near Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; 

 near Worcester; Shrewsbury, Shropshire; Hay AVood, Ilerefoidshire ; 

 near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Leven's Park, 'Westmoreland. New 

 Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; Eoseneatb, Dunibiirtonsbire ; Craigforth, 

 Stirling ; Carse of (Towrie, Perthshire. Blarney ond Ardrum, co. Cork ; 

 Curraghmore, near AVaterford ; Glenstale, co. Tipperary. 



2. S. anglica ^'yl. Syn. i. (18G0) p. 143, t. v. f. 3.— Thallus (if 

 proper) effuse, thin, granuloso-uneqiial, greyish-brown or olive- 

 green, or evanescent. Apothecia small, scattered, subslipitate, 

 globose or globoso-turbinate : spores simple, globose, sometimes 

 ellipsoid or oblong, 0,008-13 mm. long, 0,00G-9 mm. thick ; 

 hymeiiial gelatine bluish with iodine. — Mudd, Man. p. 255 ; Cromb. 

 Licb. Brit. p. 11 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 38, ed. 3, p. 38. — Calicium 

 microccphahim Turn. «& Borr. Lich. Br. p. 130 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. 

 p. 138, Phacotium (errore Pliacotrinn) microcepludum Gray, Nat. 

 Arr. i. p. 482. Lichen microceplmlus Eng. Bot. t. 1865. — In giving 

 the specific name of (i)u/]ica, Nylander (Z. c.) observes that the older 

 name microcephala is not suitable to the apothecia. 



Differs from ^S". turhinuta in the apparently (though very doubtfully) 

 proper thallus, in the more stipitate apothecia, and the larger spores. In 

 the original specimen figured in E. B., the thallus is partly subtartareo- 

 granulose and partly sidjevanescent ; but I have never seen the fertile 

 plant in situ, though I have observed a similar sterile thallus in many 

 places. The spermogones appear to be rare, and sparingly scattered, 

 with spermatia as in S. tuyhinata, or slightly larger. 



Hab, On old rails, especially oak, in shady situations in maritime and 

 upland tracts. — Distr. Only sparingly in a few localities in S. and Central 

 England. — B. M. : Caistor, near Yarmouth, Norfolk ; Ardingley and 

 Albourne, Sussex ; Twycross, Leicestershire. 



3. S. microcephala Nyl. Mem. Soc. Cherb. v. (1857) p. 91. — 

 Thallus none. Apothecia minute, sessile or substipitate, globose 

 or globoso-turbinate ; spores simple, fusiformi-ellipsoid, somewhat 

 large, 0,011-16 mm. long, 0,007-8 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine 

 faintly bluish with iodine. — Nyl. Syn. i. p. 144, t. v, f . 2 ; Cromb. 

 Lich. Brit. p. 11 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 39, ed. 3, p. 38. — SpJiincfrina 

 turhinata ft. microcepliaJa Mudd, Man. p. 256. Calicium micro- 

 cephdiun Tul. Mem. Lich. (1852) p. 78, t. 15. f. 20. 



Also closely allied to S. turhinata, but may readily be distinguished on 

 microscopical examination by the form and size of the spores. In our 

 British specimens the apothecia, which are smaller than in the preceding 

 species, are usually rather scattered, as are also the spermogones. 



Hah. On the thallus of Pertusaria melaleuca in shady woods in mari- 

 time tracts. — Distr. Oiilv in the Channel Islands and the S. coast of 



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