88 LICHEJfACEI. [CAI.ICIl'M. 



by the fasciculate apothecia, the colour of the capituluui, and moie 

 especially by the rather variable spores. 



Hah. On old pales in upland tracts. — Distr. Extremely local and 

 scarce in W. England. — B. M. : Downton Castle, Herefordshire. 



Form 2. filare Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 239.— Tballus some- 

 what scattered. Apot.hecia fasciculate, stipes more elongate, slender, 

 with smaller capitulum. 



This forni, which seems constant, differs in the tballus not being con- 

 tinuous, and in the longer stipes and the smaller capitulum, characters no 

 doubt resulting fi"om the habitat. 



Hah. On the bark of old firs in moist upland situations. — DUtr. Very 

 local and rare among the S. Grampians, Scotland. — B. M. : Aberfeldy and 

 Ben Lawers, Perthshire. 



3. C. phaeoceplialuin Turn. & Eorr. Lich. Br. (1830) p. 145. — 

 Tballus thick'ish, grauulose, granules small, subsquamiform, plicato- 

 congested, crenate, pale-greyish or dark-yellowish. Apothecia 

 small ; stipes rather short, slender, blackish or pale-brown ; cai)itulum 

 turbinato-lentiform, greenish-yellow-pruinose, sporal mass somewhat 

 plane ; spores 0,003-5 mm. in diameter. — Sm. Eng, El. v. p. 140 ; 

 Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 11 ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 40, ed. 3, p. 39.— 

 Cyplielhnn phcBocejihalum Mudd, Man. p. 2(J1. Lichen jilicPOcepTialns 

 Turn. Liun. Soc. Trans, viii. (1807) p. 200, t. 6. f. 1. Phacotmm 

 trahinellum Grav, Xat. Arr. i. p. 484. Lichen trahineJlus Eng. Bot. 

 t. 1540. 



The granuloso-squamulose tballus by which this plant is characterized 

 varies somewhat in thickness and in colour according to the habitat. 

 Although variable in other countries, all the British specimens are typical. 

 The apothecia are usually very numerous, and subsessile in thicker 

 thalli. 



Hab. On old boarded buildings, rarely on pales, in upland wooded tracts. 

 — Distr. Local and scarce in 8., E., and "\V. England. — B. M. : Laken- 

 ham, near Norwich, Norfolk ; Bruisyard, Suffolk ; near Colchester, Essex ; 

 Hurstpierpoint and Albourne, Sussex ; Hay Park, near Ludlow, Shrop- 

 shire. 



4. C. aciculare Fr. Sum. Yeg. (1846) p. 119. — Thallus very thin, 

 subleprose, greyish or obsolete. Apothecia minute, crowded ; stipes 

 short, very slender, dark-brown ; capitulum obconico-turbiuate, more 

 or less citrine-suffused, sporal mass usually much protruded ; spores 

 0,003-4 mm. in diameter.— Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 40, ed. 3, p. 40.— 

 Cedicium phaoceplialnm var. aciculare Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 12. 

 Liclien acicularis Eng. Bot. (1812) t. 2385. Calicinm cliloreUmn 

 Turn. &- Borr. Lich. Br. p. 140 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 140 ; Mudd, 

 Man. p. 262, t. iv. f. 107. Phacotium Jiispicluhan Gray, Nat. Arr. 

 i. p. 4b3.—Brit. E.VS. : Leight. n. 170 ; Mudd, n. 252 ; Larb. Lich. 

 Hb. n. 81 ; Bohl. n. 98. 



Allied to the preceding species, but differing in the thin, subleprose, or 

 nearly evanescent thallus, the miuute, numeious, and crowded apothecia, 

 the longer arid uanTnver capitulum, and the protruded sporal mass. The 



