102 LICHEXACEI. [tRACHYLIA, 



the apotbecia in tliis species. In damp shady places it is greener but 

 ban-en, so that it may be taken for a brightly coloured state of some sub- 

 concolorous lichen. Scattered amongst the ordinary gi-auules are larger 

 and more prominent ones bearing the apotbecia, which in our .speci- 

 mens are few and small. The i«permogones are frequent, punctifoi-m, 

 minute, blackish, the sterigmata very short, the spermatia 0,005-7 mm. 

 long, 0,0025-35 mm. thick. 



Hab. On old pales, generally about gardeus, very rarely on trees, in 

 lowland and upland districts. — Distr. Very local, at least in a well- 

 developed state, ha^-ing been gathered only sparingly in the Eastern 

 counties of England, and now extinct in several of the recorded localities. 

 B. M. : Near Yarmouth, Suffolk ; Walthamstow, Loughton, and Col- 

 chester, Essex ; Ilerringfleet, Sufiolk. 



2. T. tympanella Fr. Sum. Veg. (1846) p. 282.— Thallus effuse, 

 granulose or granuloso-concrescent, moderate or thinnish, grey or 

 greyish-white (K-f-). Apotbecia moderate or large, elevato-sessile, 

 plane, black, slightly grey-pruinose or naked, the margin promi- 

 nent, black, often white-pruiuose, at length evanescent ; spores 

 1-septate, 0,010-18 mm. long, 0,007-12 mm. thick. — Cromb. Lich. 

 Brit. p. 1-4 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 48, ed. 3, p. 47. — AcoJium tym- 

 joanelhim Gray, Xat. Arr. i. p. 482 ; Mudd, Man. p. 254, t. iv, 

 f. 101. Calicium tympaneUum Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 89 ; Turn. & 

 Borr. Lich. Br. p. 134 : Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 139. Lichen inquincois 

 Eng. Bot. t. SIO.— Brit. E:cs. : Leight. n. 88 ; Mudd, n. 240 ; 

 Cromb. n. 114. 



With its sessile apotbecia this might readily be taken for some Le.cidea 

 (such as L. premiiea). The thallus, which is thickish with the granules 

 confluent, or very thin ("nearly evanescent), spreads extensively over the 

 substratum, but occasionally, when surrounded by other lichens, it is 

 small. The apotbecia are very numerous, at fii'st somewhat protuberant, 

 but at length plane, large — the largest in the tribe. When touched the 

 mazEedium, which is sometimes considerably protruded, stains the iingera 

 with an inky colour. 



Sab. On old posts and pales, rarely on the bavk of trees in upland 

 districts. — Distr. General, and usually plentiful, in various parts of 

 England, and rare in E. Ireland. — B. M. : Eai-sham, Norfolk ; Yai-mouth 

 and Ickworth, Suffolk : Walthamstow and Colchester, Essex ; Totteridge, 

 Middlesex; Elstree, Herts; Penshurst and Lydd, Kent; Albourne, 

 Sussex; Xew Forest, Hants; n<^ar AVootton Basset, Gloucestershire; 

 near Malvern, Worcestershire : Gnpsall Park, Leicestershire : Harboro' 

 Magna, Warwickshire ; Derbyshire ; Oswestry, Haughmond Hill, and 

 near Shrewsbury, Shi'opshire ; Rosedale, Yorkshhe. Cun-aghmore, co. 

 Waterford. 



3. T. stigoneUa Fr. Sum. Xeo;. (1846) p. 282.— Thallus none 

 proper. Apotbecia parasitic, small or moderate, scarcely prominent, 

 plane, black, naked, the margin prominent, concolorous, or some- 

 times pruinose, at length evanescent ; spores 1-septate, obtusely 

 rounded at either apex, 0,009-17 mm. long, 0,007-10 mm. thick. 

 — Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. l-") : Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 49, ed. 3, p. 47. — 



