140 LICHENACEI. [CLADONIA. 



Ccnomyce gracilis Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 63 ; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. 

 p. 82. Scyphophora ecmocyna /3. gracilis Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 421. 

 Lichen gracilis Liun. Sp. PI. (1753) p. 1152 ; Huds. Fl. Angl. 

 p. 457 ; Leight. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 874 ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 37 ; 

 Eng. Bot. t. 1264. Coralloides scy phiforme serratum elatius, cau- 

 lihus gracilihus glabris Dill. Muse. 88, t. 14. f. 13 c, d. Lichenoides 

 pyxidaturn cinereum elatius, ramulis pyxidatum desinentihus Dill, 

 in Ray, Syn. ed. 3, 69. '62.— Brit. Exs. : Leight. n. 296 ; Mudd, 

 nos. 10, 11, & 16 (pro parte). Clad. nos. 34, 37; Larb. Lich. Hb. 

 n. 207. 



A very variable plant. The form here described is Cladonia chordalis 

 Florke, Clad. p. 34. The basal tbalhis is rarely visible except in young 

 plants, becoming for the most part speedily obsolete. It is a social 

 plant, often spreading extensively, with the podetia 2-4 in. long, simple 

 or more or less branched, and frequently blackish at the base. The apo- 

 thecia are rare; when present they are numerous and occasionally con- 

 glomerate. 



Hab. Among mosses on the gi'ound and on rocks in maritime and 

 upland districts. — Distr. General and common in most parts of Great 

 Britain and probably also Ireland ; rare in the Channel Islands. — B. M. : 

 Islands of Guernsey and Sark. Wootton Common, Norfolk ; Epping 

 Forest, Essex ; Lydd, Kent ; Dartmoor, Devonshire ; near Penzance, 

 Cornwall ; Wokingham Heath, Berkshire ; Worcester Beacon, Worces- 

 tershire ; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire ; Barmouth and Dolgelly, 

 Merionethshire ; Island of Anglesea; Cleveland and Farndale, Yorkshire ; 

 Eglestone, Durham ; The Cheviots, Northumberland ; Lamplugh, Cum- 

 berland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; Manor Head, Peebleshire ; 

 Largs, Ayrshire ; Barcaldine, Argyleshire ; Glen Lochay, Glen Ample, 

 Blair Athole, and liannoch, Perthshire ; Kinnordy and Kirriemuir, l\)r- 

 farshire ; Durris, Kincardineshire ; Glen Dee, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; 

 Glen Nevis and Rothiemurchus, Inverness-.shire ; Forres, Elginshire; 

 Apjilecross, Ross-shire. Near Cork ; Ballynascreen Mt., co. Tyrone ; 

 Turk Mt., Killarney, co. Kerry. 



Form 1. abortiva Schscr. Spie. (1823) p. 33. — Podetia subuliform, 

 recurved or hooked at the apices, and there verrueose, infuscate : 

 Bubsterile. — Mudd, Brit. Clad. p. 17 ; Leight. Licb. Fl. p. 63, ed. 3, 

 p. 59; Cromb. Grevillea, si. p. 112. — Brit. Exs.: Mudd, Clad, 

 n. 36. 



Probably an accidental state, resulting from the abortive apothecia 

 defonning the podetia. 



Hab. On the ground in upland situations. — Distr. Seen only from N. 

 England and the Central Grampians, Scotland ; no doubt occurring else- 

 where. — B. M. : HighclifFe, Cleveland, Yorkshire. Rannoch, Perthshire. 



Form 2. spinulifera Cromb. — Podetia slender, dark spadiceous, 

 somewhat rugulose, with frequent short spinules ; scyphi with the 

 margins spinulose. 



A peculiar and probably accidental form, analogous to var. spinosa 

 of C. furcata. The only specimen yet gathered is sterile. 



Hab. On moors in upland situations. — Distr. Found only in S.W. 

 England. — B. M. : Near Newton Abbot, S. Devon. 



