Cr.iDiJ.MA.] Cr.AlMiNIKI. 151 



Nat. Arr. i. p. 414; while it is also Cladonia furcata pro parte of 

 more recent authors. — Brit. Exs. : Mudd, Clad. nos. 40, 47 ; Leight. 

 u. 401 ; Bohl, n. 23. 



The more or less (^soruetinies sparinirly) fissured podetia and the form 

 of their apices eliaracterize this variety. The podetia, which are fre- 

 quently suh«pa(liceous, vary in lenjrth from 1 to 5 iu., and in our British 

 specimens are usually somewhat slend?r and rarely sparingrly foliiferous. 

 With K the reaction, at least in paler specimens, is often slig-htly yellow, 

 quickly turning to brownish. It is usually well fertile, the apotheci.i 

 beinf^ numerous on the subcorymbose apices. 



Hab. On the ground and on turf-walls in wonded upland districts. — 

 Diitr. Somewhat local and scarce in England, X. Wales, S. Scotland, 

 and S. Ireland : more frequent, however, among the Scottish Grampians. 

 - — B. M. : Epping Forest, Esse.x ; Winchfield, Hants ; Dartmoor, Devon- 

 shire ; Withiel and near Penzance, Cornwall ; Charnwood Forest, Leices- 

 tershire ; Malvern, Worcestershire ; Aberdovey, Merionethshire ; Avton 

 Moor, Cleveland. Yorkshire; the Cheviots, Xorthumb-rland. Xew Gal- 

 loway, Kirkcudbrightshire; Appin, Argyleshire ; Glen Lo:hay and Ran- 

 roch, Perthshirp. Countesswells near Aberdeen ; Glen Dee, Braemar, 

 Aberdeenshire : Loch Linnhe and Rothiemurchus Woods, Inverness-shire. 

 Near Cork ; Ivillaruey, co. Kerry. 



Var. y. spinosa Hook, in Sm. Eng. Fl. v. (1833) p. 236. — Podetia 

 moderate, rigid, glabrous, decumbent ; branches lax, curved and 

 llexaose, here and there spinulose. Apothecia small, dark-brown. — 

 Tuyl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 80 : Leight. Ann. Mag. Xat. Hist, 

 ser. 3, xxiii. p. 413, Lich. Fl. p. 65, ed. 3, p. 60 ; Cromb. Grevillea, 

 xi. p. 113. — Lichen spinosu^ Huds. Fl. Augl. (1762) p. 459; Lightf. 

 FL Scot. ii. p. 882 ; AVith. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 45. Claclrnia f areata 

 0. suhnlafa d. spadicea Mudd, Brit. Clad. p. 23. Curalloides spar- 

 sum, caulihus tortuosis et spinosis Dill. Muse. 101, t. 16. f. 25. — 

 Brit. Exs. : Mudd, Clad. n. 52. 



This differs in the rather lax, irregularly branched and curved poderia, 

 bearing scattered, short, erect or recurved spinules. The podetia, which, 

 though rigid, are brittle, are often subspadiceous, but when paler in 

 colour they usually give with K a distinct yellow reaction. It is rather 

 rare in fruit, the apothecia being either simple or sparingly aggregate. 



Hah. On the ground in moorlands and upon turf-walls in upland 

 districts. — Distr. Probably general and common throughout Great Britain 

 and Ireland. — B. M. : Epping Forest, Essex ; Dartmoor, Devonshire ; 

 Newmarket Heath, Cambridgeshire ; Brandon Hill, Leicestershire ; Aber- 

 dovey, Merionethshire : Islaiul of Anglesea ; Ingleby Park, Cleveland, 

 Yorkshire; the Cheviots, Northumberland; Harris Moor, Cumberland. 

 Craig Calliach and Rannoch, Perthshire ; Baldovan, Forfarshire ; Durri^, 

 Kincardineshire ; Countesswells, near Aberdeen ; near Inverey, Braemar, 

 Aberdeenshire: Glen Nevis, Inverness-shire. Seymourhdl Bog, near 

 Belfast, CO. Antrim. 



Subsp. C. racemosa Nyl. ex Norrl. Not. Siillsk. pro F. et Fl. Fenu. 

 Forh. n. s. x. (1573) p. 320. — Podetia elongate, stoutish, irregularly 

 branched, more or less squamulose, the branches short, erect, furcate 

 at the apices (K — ,CaCl — ). Apothecia small, aggregate, brown. 



