CLADUMA.] Cr.ADO.MKr, 1 oli 



A very anoiiuiloiis form, distinguished by the podetia heiug ruiigher 

 and here and there nodidose, as also by the Ibriu of their apices. In our 

 British specimens ihe apothecia are small and but sp.iringiy present. 



Huh. On the ground in upland localities. — Distr. Very local and scarce 

 in S. and ^^'. England.— 13. .M. : Near Shiere, Surrey ; IJrigliton Downs, 

 Sussex; Bathampton Downs, Somersetshire. 



22. C. pungens Eliirke, Clad. (1:^28) p. 156. — Thallus squa- 

 mulose, evanescent at the base ; podetia slender, erect or ascending, 

 much and divaricately branched, glabrous or subverruculose, greyisli- 

 or sometimes brownish-white ; branches attenuato-subulate and 

 divergenti-furcate at the apices, which are often reddish-browJi 

 (K-(- yellow, CaC'l — ). Apothecia small, brownish ; spores 0,010-13 

 mm. long, 0,0035-40 mm. thick. — Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 415; Sm. 

 Eng. Fl. v. p. 235; Leight. in Ann. Mag. Xat. Hist. ser. 3, xviii. 

 ]). 406, Lich.Fl. p. 56, ed. 3, p. 53 ; Cromb. Grevillea, xi. p. 113.— 

 Cladonia f areata 2. 2>^in(jenii Mudd, Man. p. 58, Erit. Clad. p. 2.3 ; 

 Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 20. Lichen punc/ens Ach. Prodr. (1798) p. 202, 

 Eng. Bot. t. 2444. Lichen rantjiferinus /3. st/Ivaticus Huds. Fl. 

 Augl. p. 458 ; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 870. Lichen ranr/iferinus 

 var. 2, With. Arr. cd. 3, iv. p. 42. Coralluides fruticuli specie 

 cftndicans, corniculis rufcscentihus Dill. Muse. 110, t. 16. f. 30 a. 

 Lichenoides tuhulosum raniosissimum, fruticidi sperie candicans. cor- 

 liicidis ritfescentibus Dill, in Ray, Syn. ed. 3, p. 67, n. 15.^ — Brit. 

 E.rs.: Leight. n. 16; Mudd, n. 16 pro parte, Clad. nos. 54, 55; 

 Cromb. n. 123. 



In general appearance this resembles smaller states of Cludina sylvdtica, 

 with which it was frequently confounded by the older authors. Its 

 affinities, however, are entirely with C.fiircdta, though, apart from the 

 reaction, there are sutHcieut diversities in habit and the character of tlie 

 podetia to entitle it to rav.k as a distinct species. It forms densely con- 

 gested and intricate tufts, which sometimes spread extensively. The 

 podetia, which are often of a brownish colour, are rather fragile, small, 

 and attenuate at the subpuugent apices. It is comparatively rare in fruit, 

 though in some situations the apothecia are abundant and more or less 

 conglomerate. 



Hnh. On the ground among mosses and short grass in maritime and 

 upland situations. — JJisfr. General and common in most parts of Eng- 

 land; apparently much rarer in Scotland, Ireland, and the Channel 

 Islands. — B. M. : Island of Sark. Near Ilemsby, Norfolk ; Epping 

 Poorest, Essex; Pusher, Surrey; Shoreham, Sus.sex ; Lydd, Kent ; Isle of 

 Wight ; Dartmoor, Devonshire ; near Penzance and St. Merryn, Corn- 

 wall ; Bretch, Oxfordshire; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire; Dovedale, 

 Derbyshire ; Ilaughmond Hill, Shropshire ; Delamere Forest, Cheshire ; 

 Aber'dovey, Merionethshire ; near Ayton and Clitlrigg, Cleveland, York- 

 shire ; Windermere, Westmoreland; St. Bees, Cumberland. New Gal- 

 loway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; Peutland Hills, near Edinburgh : Barcaldine, 

 Argyleshire ; Countesswells AA'ood, near Aberdeen. Warrenscourt and 

 Macroon, co. Cork. 



Form 1. nivea Koerb. Syst. Lich. (1855) p. 55.— Podetia erect, 

 crowded, very white. — Cromb. Grevillea. xv. p. 45. — J3a;uun/ces 

 jiinir/(ns p. niveau Ach. Mcth. ( 18u3j p. 354. 



