1 74 HCHESACEI. [CLADIXA. 



Spermogones terminal, conical ; spermatia cylindrical, somewhat 

 curved or straight. 



DistiuguL-hed from Cladonia by the absence of a basal thallus*, and by 

 the podetia being naked, usually ascyphous, with the cortex not pul- 

 veraceo-fati.-cent. The species are extremely social, some of them in 

 Arctic and Antarctic regions forming the most characteristic feature of 

 the vegetation, as also on the higher moorlands and mountains of more 

 temperate climes. 



1. C. rangiferina Nyl. Xot. S.illsk. pro F. et Fl. Fenn. Fcirh. 

 n. s. V. (ISGii) p. llU.^ — rodetia very much branched, cylindrical, 

 somewhat slender, opa-jue, subperforate at the axils, more or less ver- 

 ruculoso-scabrous, subtomentose, greyish or greyish-white; branches 

 short, divaricate or subdellexcd, subsecund, the apices nodding when 

 sterile, erect and subcorymbose when fertile (K-f- yellow, CaCl — ). 

 Apothecia small ; spores oblougo-fusiform, 0,010-15 mm. long, 

 0,0035 mm. thick. — Leight. Ann. ^Mag. Xat. Hist. ser. '6, xviii, 

 p. 418 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 22. — CJadinn rangiferina Leight, 

 Lich. Fl. p. 74, ed. 3, p. 67. Cladonia ranqifcrina Gi'av, Xat. Arr. 

 i. p. 415 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 235 ; Mudd, Man. p. 58 ;' JBrit. Clad. 

 p. 24. Cenomi/ce rangiferina Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 65 ; Tayl. in 

 Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 78. Lichen ranr/iferinus Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 

 p. 1153; Huds. Fl. Ang]. p. 458:"Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 877; 

 With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 41 ; Eng. Bot. t. 173. Coralloides mon- 

 tanum fruticidi specie nhique candicuns Dill. Muse. 107, t. 16. 

 f. 29 A-D. Lichenoides tidjidosuyn ramosiss-iiniim, fruticidi specie 

 uhique candicans Dill, in Eay, Syn. p. 66, n. 14. — Under this our 

 earlier, and some more recent, authors include also the following 

 species. 



This, with C. sylcafica, is the familiar " Reindeer Moss." By the 

 separation of that species it is not so variable as it was formerly regarded. 

 The podetia are elongate, 3-5 iu. and sometimes more in length, densely 

 stipate, subsmouth or granuloso-unequal, more or less tomentose, tricho- 

 tomously branched, with the branches closer at the apices. In dry and 

 more exposed situations they occasionally become grevish-brown. With 

 us the apothecia are comparatively rjire, but the spermogones are more 

 frequent. 



Hah. On the ground, usually in bo^'^gy places, on moorlands and 

 mountains from upland to subalpiue regions. — Disir. Xot general nor 

 common in Great Britain, and not yet seen from Ireland. — B. M. : Tre- 

 veUo Carne, near Penzance, Cornwall ; Chai-nwood Forest, Leicester- 

 shire ; Delamere Forest, Cheshii-e ; Snowdon, Carnarvonshire ; the 

 Cheviots, Xortluimberland. Glen Locbay, Ben Lawers, and Rannoch 

 Moor, Perthshire ; Clova, Forfarshire ; Craig Coinnoch and Glen Callater, 

 Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Rothiemurchus Forest, and Glen Xevis, luver- 

 ness-shu"e. 



Form gigantea Xyl. e.c Lamy, Bull. Soc. But. Fr. t. xxv. (1878) 

 p. 35S. — Podetia more elongate, thickish, granuloso-unequal, whitish 



* In ^ledd. ?oc. pro F. et Fl. Fenn. xir. p. 32, Dr. Wainio affirms that both 

 C. sylvatica and C. unrialis do very rarely occur with a basal thallus ; but iJiis 

 c*rtaiuly requires furtlier proof. 



