186 



LICHENACEI. 



[ramalina. 



Tribe IX. R A M A L I N E I Nyl. BuH. Soc. Linn. Xormand. 

 ser. 2, iv. (1870) p. 103. 



Thallus fruticulose, laciniose, or filamentose, rounded or com- 

 pressed, erect or pendulous, internally with "svoolly arachnoid me- 

 dulla. Apothecia lecanorine, scutellate, terminal or lateral ; spores 

 Snae, 1-septate, subohlong, straight or slightly curved, colourless ; 

 paraphyses discrete. Spermogones immersed or slightly prominent ; 

 sterigmata subsimple or pauci-articulate, with long anastomosing 

 filaments intermixed. 



This tribe, under which Xylander in his former arrangement included 

 Alectoria and Evernia, is now, in its more limited acceptation, regarded 

 by him as quite distinct, on account of marked anah'tical differences, 

 more especially of the thalamium, while the structure of the spermogones 

 is entirely peculiar (vide Ramal. Monogr. /. c). The exotic genus Rainalea 

 Xyl. externally resembliug JRamalina, ought, from the type of the sper- 

 matia, to be relegated to the Chidoniei ; while Dactf/lina and Dufourea, 

 neither of which occur iu Britain, are also excluded froai this tribj. 



36. RAMALINA 

 Ach. Lich.Univ. (i^lU) 

 p. 122. — Thallus caes- 

 pitoso-fruticulose, foli- 

 aceo - complanate or 

 rounded, somewhat 

 shining or subopaque, 

 soft or rigid, solid or 

 fistulose, raraoso-lacini- 

 ate,concolorous on both 

 sides ; medullary layer 

 arachnoid, becoming 

 sometimes very lax, cor- 

 tical layer composed 

 either of indistinct cells 

 or of longitudinal con- 

 glutinate filaments. 

 Apothecia scattered, 

 opaque, subconcolorous 



Fig. 39. 



with thallus; hypothe- j^amaluui fraxinea Ach. -a. Longitudinal section 

 cmm colourless ; spores of (one "side of) thallus, x200. h. Theca and 

 paraphvsis. XooO. c. Spores. xoUO. d. Sec- 

 tions of two Bpermogones, x3(). e. Sterigmata 

 and sperniatia, X 500. (Also on the left a 

 fragment of the anastomosing spermogouic fila- 

 ments.) 



small ; paraphyses thin 

 or moderate, thicker or 

 clavate at the apices ; 

 hymenial gelatine blu- 

 ish, then violet with 

 iodine. Spermogones scattered ; spermatia straight, cj-lindrical, or 

 oblongo-cylindrical. 



The species of this genus, formerly little imderstood, liave recently had 

 new light thrown upon them by the minute researches of Nylander. He 



