rsxKA.] usNEF.r. 2h5 



regions. — Diffr. Local and scarco amonp- tlie rirani])ian«, Scotland. — 

 ]J. M. : Strouaclachaii Woods, Killin, lVrilisliii« ; utar Corricinulzio, 

 Braemar, Aberdeonshiie (typical); Hotiiieimuclius Woods, luveriiess- 

 shire ; Uulcie, by the Findhoru, Miirayshire. 



Yar. y. scabrata Xyl. Flora, 1S85, p. 299. — Thallus rough with 

 more or less crowded, slightlj- elevated papill;o : branches somewhat 

 strict, nearly efibrillose. Apothecia small. — Cromb. Grevillea, xv. 

 p. 48. — Usnea scabrata Nyl. Flora, 1875, p. 103; Cromb. Journ. 

 Bot. 1882, p. 27. 



Ditt'ers from the preceding variety in having the branches scabrid and 

 not subarticulate. From U. ceratlna, which it also resembles, it is dis- 

 tinguished by the absence of patent branches. The British specimens are 

 short, about inches long, often verrucoso-sorediiferous, and are for the 

 most part sterile. 



Hah. On tlie trunks and branches of larches in mountainous woods. — 

 Distr. Probably general in the lir forests of the Scottish Highlands, 

 though seen only from a few localities in S. Scotland and among the 

 Grampians. — B. 5l. : New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; Stronaclachan 

 Woods, Killin, and Ben Lawers, Perthshire ; near Corriemulzie, Braemar, 

 Aberdeenshire. 



4. U. ceratina Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 610.— Thallus elon- 

 gate, subpcndulous, rigid, papilloso-scabrous, at length verrucoso- 

 sorediate, much and variously branched, pale-greyish or yellowish ; 

 the branches patent, diffuse, more or less fibrillose. Apothecia 

 moderate or somewhat large, slightly concave, concolorous, some- 

 times pruinose, the margin with long, stout, recurved cilia, the 

 receptacle beneath papilliferous : spores 0,0u7-9 mm. long, 0,005-7 

 mm. thick. — Cromb. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xvii. p. 554.— Usnea 

 barhatn var. ceratina Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1872, p. 232 ; Leight. 

 Lich. Fl. p. 85, ed, 3, p. 77. Lichen pJicatns Huds. Fl. Argl. p. 4(31 ; 

 Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 889 ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 50. Usnea 

 vulgaris loris longis implexis Dill. Muse. 5Q., t. 11. f. 1. Muscus 

 arboreiis, Usnea officinurum Dill, in Eay, Syn. ed. 3, p. 64, n. 1. — 

 Brit. Exs. : Mudd, n. 36. 



Generally confounded by British authors with var. pJivata of the pre- 

 ceding species, from which it is readily distinguished by the numerous 

 papillfe or short tibrils, which give it so very rough an appearance. It 

 is very variable in size, mode of branching, and degree of tibriilositv, 

 while in old plants it is sometimes sparingly articulate at the base. Tlie 

 apothecia in this country are seldom present. 



Hah. On the trunks and branches of old trees in upland woods. — Didr. 

 General and common in S., W., and X. England, in X. "Wales, and the 

 Grampians, Scotland ; not seen from Ireland or the Channel Islands. — 

 B. M.: Lydd, Kent: Bexhill, Sussex; Isle of Wight; Lyndhurst, Xew 

 Forest, and Woodcote Wood, Hampshire ; Beckey Falls, S. Devon ; 

 Roughton and Bocconoc, Cornwall; Annet Island, Scilly ; near Malvern, 

 Worcestershire; Xannau, near Dolgelly, and Harlech," Merionethshire; 

 Hafod, Cardiganshire; Island of Anglesea ; Ingleby Park, Cleveland, 



