216 LICHKXACKI. [C'ETRAKIA. 



gones ai'e situated at the apices of the marginal cilia, Avith sperinatia 

 0,005-G mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. A paras-itic fungus, Sphceria cetra- 

 riicola Nyl., is occasionally seen ou the thallus ; in Lapland it has been 

 seen also on C. hiascens. 



Hub. On the ground among heath, and in stony places in upland, sub- 

 alpine, and especially in alpine situations. — iJistr. Not general nor com- 

 mon on the mts. of X. Wales, N. England, S.W. Ireland, and S. and N. 

 Scotland, but very plt^ntiful amongst the Grampians, especially in Brae- 

 mar, where it occurs in fruit ou some of the loftier summit^: occasion- 

 ally descending to low altitudes ou more exposed upland heath's. — B. M. : 

 "Wootton Connuon, Norfolk ; Stockton Forest, Langwith Moor, aud Sten- 

 shall Common, Yorkshire; Snowdon, Caruarvonsliire ; Cwm Bychan, 

 Merionethshire; Tee<dale, Durham. Cheviot Hills, Roxburghshire; 

 Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh ; Mael Graedha and Ben Lawers, Perth- 

 shire ; Clova Mts. and SidJaw Hills, Forfarshire ; Hills of Nigg, near 

 Aberdeen ; Morrone, Loclmagar and Ben Macdhui, Braemar : Ben Nevis, 

 Inverness-shii-e. Slieve Douard, co. Down ; 31angerton, co. Kerry. 



Form platyna Fr. Lich. Europ. (1S;:51) p. ^7. — Laciniae i-ather 

 broad, subsimple aud sparingly denticulate at the margins. Apo- 

 thecia large. — Cromb. Grevillea, sv. p. 48 : Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 96, 

 ed. 3, p. 91 pro parte. Cetraria pkili/na Ach. Syn. (1814) p. 229. 

 Cetraria Islandica f. dilatata Xorrl., Cromb. Linn. See. Journ. Bet. 

 1880, p. 575. Lichenoides rirjidum eri/ngii foliis referens Dill. Muse. 

 209, t. 28. f. 111b. 



Varies in colour like the type, with the lacinite occasionallv 1 inch in 

 breadth. The apcthecia are usually rather large and few, with the mar- 

 gin generally excluded. From the paucity of the marginal cilia, the 

 sperm ogones are rarely seen. 



Hab. On the ground among heaths in alpine places. — Distr. Local on 

 the loftier Grampians, chiefly in Braemar, at high altitudes, where it is 

 not uncommon. — B. M. : Lochnagar, Ben-naboord, Ben Macdhui, Cairn- 

 gorm, Cainitoul, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire. 



2. C. crispa Xyl. ex Lamy, Bull. Sec. Bot. Fr. xxv. (1878) p. 362. 

 — Thallus somewhat small, caespitose, erect or depressed, pale-chest- 

 nut or chestnut-brown ; laciniae crowded, rather narrow, canalicu- 

 late, densely ciliate and connivent at the margins, often reddish at 



the base (K~, CaC'l")- Apcthecia small, submarginal, the margin 

 persistently denticulate ; spores as in the preceding species, or slightl)' 

 smaller. — Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 48. — Subsp. Cetraria crispa, 

 Cromb. Grevillea. xii. p. 73. Cetraria Islandica ft. crispa Ach. Lich. 

 Univ. (1810) p. 513; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 26; Leight. Lich. Fl. 

 p. 97, ed. 3, p. 92. Cornicularia Islandica /3. crisjia, Mudd, Man, 

 p. 77. LicJieu IslandJcus ji Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 830 ; Huds. Fl. 

 Angl. ed. 2, p. 539 ; "With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 54. Lichenoides erynr/ii 

 folia refcrens, tenuiorihus et crisjnorihus foliis Dill. Muse. 212, t. 28. 

 f. 112. — Brit. Kvs. : Mudd, n. 52; Leight. n. 42 pro parte. 



Smaller, and somewhat pulvinate, with narrower and more cUiate lacinise 

 than C. Islandica, of which it was considered a variety, but is now sepa- 

 rated a.s a species by Nylander. The aprilhecia are very rare in Britain. 



