CETRARIA.] CKTRARIEI. 1^17 



Ilah. On the frround aTuong mosses in subalpine and alpine districts. — 

 Distr. Local in N. Wales. X. Kni.'^laiul, and .S. Scotland, more frequent 

 among the Grampians, especially in Ihaemar. — B. M.: .Siiowdon and 

 Carnedd Llewellyn, Carnarvonshire ; Teesdale, Durham. Pentland Hills, 

 nt'ar Edinbur'.'-h ; .Mael (iracdha, IJt-n Lawers, and L'aiinoch, I'erthsliire ; 

 Katelaw, l'\)rlai-shire ; Morrone and Ben-naboord, Braemar, Aberdeen- 

 shire ; Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire. 



Form stibtiibulosa Cromb. Grevillea, xv. (1886) p. 4S. — Laciniae 

 interruptedly tubuloso. with the suture ciliato-spiunlose. Apothecia 

 not seen. — Cetraria Islandicai, subtuhtilusa Fr. Lich. Eur. (18;J1) 

 p. 37. 



A modification of the preceding, which scarcely deserves to rank as a 

 separate form. The thallus is only sparingly branched, and is never seen 

 fertile. 



Ilah. On mossy ground among boulders in alpine jdaces. — Di-ofr. Local 

 and i;ncommon on a tew of the higher rrrampiaus, Scotland. — B. M. : Kate- 

 law, F(n"farshire ; Ben-naboord and Cairntoul, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 



3. CMascens Fr. fil. Lich. Scand. (1871) p. 98.— Thallus densely 

 ca\spitose, subfoliaccous. canaliculate or somewhat plane, opaciue, pale- 

 or dark -brown, with white impressed soredia at the back, often stained 

 yellowish-brown at the base ; lacinioe narrow, sparinglv ciliato-spinu- 



lose, much and repeatedly dichotomously branched at the apices (K~' 

 CaClj,7,.pj|j||g|^)- Apothecia adnata to the upper surface of the apices 

 of the laciniae, elevated, moderate, subconcolorous. the margin some- 

 times denticulate : spores as iu the preceding species. — Cromb. 

 Grevillea, xv. p. 48. — Cetruria aculeata b. Jdascens Fr. Lich. Enrop. 

 (1831) p. 36. Cttraria DeUsei (Bory), Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 20 ; 

 Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 97, ed. 3, p. 92. 



Differs from C. crixpa in the laciniae and the chemical reaction of the 

 meduUa. The thallus. which is rather brittle when dry, varies consider- 

 ably iu colour and in the length of the lacinia?, being dark and short in 

 Britain. Neither the apothecia nor the t-permogones occiu* in this 

 country. 



Hub. Among mosses on the ground in alpine places. — Di<fr. Ex- 

 tremely local and rare on the summits of two of the loftier N. Grampians, 

 Scotland. — B. M. : Lochnagarand BenMacdliui, Braemar, Aberdeenishire. 



4. C. aculeata Fr. Syst. Orb. Teg. (182-5) p. 239.— Thallus CcTspi- 

 toso-fruticulose, rigid and somewhat fragile, fistulose, erect, some- 

 what rounded or anguloso-unequal, or somewhat compressed, sub- 

 lacunose, very much and irregularly branched, bright- or dark- 

 brown; branches divaricate, more or less blackish-spinulose (K~' 

 CaCl~). Apothecia subterminal, concolorous, small or moderate, 



the margin spinuloso-denticnlate : spores 0,005-9 mm. long, 0,003- 

 4 mm. thick. — Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 26 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 97, 

 ed. 3, p. 92. — Coniictdaria aculeata Grav, Nat. Arr. i.p.405 ; Hook. 

 Fl. Scot. ii. p. 69 : Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 228 : Tayl. in Mack. Fl.llib. 

 ii. p. ^^"^ : Mudd, Man. p. 77 (^incl. ft. ccelocauJa Flott.). Lkhai acu- 



