218 LICHEXACEI. [CETRAEIA. 



leatus Schreb. Fl. Lips. (1771) p. 125. Lichen Islandicus y Hiids. 

 Fl. Angl. ed. 2, p. 589. Coralhides fniticuU specie fiiscum. S[nno- 

 sum Dill. Muse. p. 112 pro parte. Lichenoides non tubidusum ramo- 

 sissimum fnitindi specie, rufo-nigrescens Dill, in Ray, Syn, ed. 3, 

 p. 66, n. 10 pro parte. — Brit. Exs.: Mudd, n. 50; Leight. n. 3 ; 

 Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 163. 



A very distinct species, variable in size and degree of spinulosity, and so 

 giving rise to several forms. The apothecia are not common in Britain, 

 and the spermogones are but occasionally seen. They are very minute, 

 blacldsh, situated on the apices of the marginal cilia, 'with spermatia 0,004 

 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. 



Hub. On the ground in sandy and gravelly places among grasses and 

 heath of moorlands in upland and subalpiue tracts. — Distr. Not very 

 general nor common, though occurring here and there in most parts of 

 Great Britain ; rare in the Channel Inlands ; not seen from Ireland. — 

 B. M. : Quenvais, Island of Jersey. Noi'th Wootton, Norfolk ; Reigate 

 Heath, Surrey ; Lyndhurst Common, Hampshire ; Dartmoor, Devonshire; 

 INIalvern Hills and Hartlebury Common, Worcestershire ; C'harnwood 

 Forest, Leicestershire ; Island of Anglesea ; near Over, Cheshire ; Farn- 

 dale, Yorkshire ; Haughmond Hill, Shropshire ; Gateshead, Durham ; 

 Kilhope Law, Northumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; 

 Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh ; Glen l^ochay, Ben I^awers, and Birnam 

 Hill, Perthshire ; Baldovan Woods and Clova, F'orfarshire ; Lochnagar, 

 Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Glen Nevis, Inverness-shire; Culbin, Elgin- 

 shire. 



Form 1. Mspida Cromb. Linn. Soc. Journ. Bot. xvii. (1880) 

 p. 561. — Thallus smaller, more slender and intricate, densely ca;spi- 

 tose. Apothecia numerous.- — Lichen hispidus Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. 

 (1777) p. 883; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 43; Eiig. Bot. t. 452. 

 Cetraria acideata var. muricata Ach., Cromb. Lich. Biit. p. 26; 

 Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 98, ed. 3, p. 93. Coralloidcs fruticidi spiecie 

 fuscum, spinosum DiU. Muse, 112, 1. 17. f. 31 a. — Brit. Exs. : Leight. 

 n. 4; Mudd, n. 49. 



Grows in low dense tufts, about | to 1 inch high, and occasionally 

 spreads very extensively. The thallus is densely branched, more or less 

 spinulose, and is often darker in colour than in the type. Usually well 

 fertile with crowded apothecia, which are sometimes coniparativel}' large. 

 The snermogones in otherwise barren specimens are numerous. 



Hab. On the ground of moorlands in upland and subalpiue districts. — 

 Distr. Frequent in the hilly and mountainous tracts of Great Britain — 

 more especially in the Central Highlands of Scotland ; very rare in S.W. 

 Ireland. — B. M. : Hainault Forest, Essex ; Wokingham Heath, Bucking- 

 hamshire ; Lvdd, Kent; Dartmoor, Devonshire; Scilly Islands, Corn- 

 wall ; Black Edge, near Buxton, Derbyshire ; C'harnwood Forest, Leices- 

 tershire ; Longmynd, Shropshire ; Cwm Bychan, Merionethshire ; Breid- 

 den, Montgomeryshire ; near Beverley and Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Kent- 

 mere, near Kendal, Westmoreland ; Ashy, Cumberland. New Galloway, 

 Kirkcudbrightshire ; Dalmahoy Hill and Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh ; 

 Ben Lawer.s, Craig TuUoch, Rannoch Moor, Perthshire ; Sidlaw Hills, 

 Montrose links, and near Cortachy, Forfarshire ; Glen Dee and (jlen 

 Muick, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Hills of Applecross, Ross-shire, Kil- 

 larney, co. Kerry. 



