246 LICHENACEI. [PAKMEUA. 



beneath black, paler and glabrous at the circumference, with few 

 rhizin£e ; lobes sinnato-laciuiate, rounded, subcronulate at the mar- 

 gins (K 1; yellowish, CaCl ~). Apothccia moderate, badio-reddish, 



the margin crenulate and often pidverulent : spores 0,017-20 mm. 

 long, 0,0U7-10 mm. thick. — Gray, Xat. Arr. i. p. 437 ; Hook. Fl. 

 ?cot. ii. p. 52; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 198; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. 

 ii. p. 146 : Mudd, Man. p. 101, t. ii. f. 30 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 32; 

 Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 122, ed. 3, p. 114. — Lichen caperahis Linn. Sp, 

 PI. ^(1753) p. 1147; Huds. Fl. Angh ed. 2, p. 543; With. Arr. 

 ed. 3, iv. p. 58 ; Eng. Bot. t. 654, L'uJicnoichs mperatum, rosacee 

 €.vpa)isi(m, e sulpliureo virens Dill. Muse. 193, t. 25. f. 97. Lichen- 

 oides crusta foliosri, e.v cinereo et luteo virescente, inferne nigra et 

 leevi Dill, in Bay, Syn. ed. 3, p. 73, n. 62. — Brit. Exs. : Leight. 

 n. 77; Mudd, n. 73; Cromb. n. 140; Larb. Caesar, n. 63; Lich. 

 Hb. n. 251; Bohl. n. 123. 



The thallus, which is normally orbicular, frequently spreads exten- 

 .«ivelT. It is usually uudulatn-plicate, aud often more or less granuloso- 

 pulverulent, except at the circumference. The apothecia, Avbich are 

 comparatively rare, are usually scattered, but occur chiefly towards the 

 centre of the thallus. The spermogoues are minute, iufuscate, with 

 i^permatia 0,006-7 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. 



Hah. Ou the trunks of old trees, ou boulders, aud on old pales, in 

 lowlaud and upland tracts. — Di.'<tr. General and abundaut in most parts 

 of Euglaud : rarer in Ireland, tie Channel l?lands, and iu Scotland, 

 where apparently it rarely extends beyond the S. Grampians. — B. M. : 

 St. Brelade's and Boulay Bay, Jersey ; Island of Guernsey. "Waltham- 

 stow and Haiuault Forest, Essex ; near Tunbridge Wells, Kent ; Lewes, 

 Hastings, and near Brighton, Sussex ; Lyndhurst and near Lymington, 

 Hampshire ; Carisbrook and Eyde, Isle of Wight ; Ivy Bridge, Torquay, 

 Newtr n Bushell, and Totues, S. Devon; Bocconoc, Penzance, aud Withiel, 

 Cornwall ; St. Mary's, Scilly ; Elstree, Herts ; near Malvern, AVorcester- 

 shire ; Gamlincay, Cambridgeshire; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire; 

 Hauglimond Hill, Shropshire : Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Cwm ]?ychan and 

 near Barmoiith, ^leiionethshire ; Hafod, Cardiganshire ; Island of Angle- 

 sea : Llanbeiis, Carnarvonshire : Keswick and Asby. Cumberland : Tees- 

 dale, Durham ; Stavely, Westmoreland : near Hexham, Northumberland. 

 New Galloway, Kirkcudbriditshire ; King's Park, Swanston AVood, 

 llivelstone and Pentlaud Hills, near Edinbui-gh : Airds, Appin, Argyle- 

 shire : Blairdrummond, .\berfoyle, Kenmore. and Ben Lawers, Perthshire ; 

 Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire. RosteUan, co. Cork ; Dunkerron, co. Kerry. 



15. P. sinuosa Ach. Syn. (1814) p. 207.^ — Thallus suborbicular, 

 membranaceous, divaricato-lobed, smooth, yellowish; beneath blackish 

 and black-fibrillose, ]ialer towards the circumference ; laciniae nar- 

 row, sinuato-piunatitid, dilated and often sorediate at the apices ; 



the sinuses wide, circular (Kf ^yellow! then red. CaCl~). Apothecia 

 moderate, subplane, dark-brown, the margin thin, smooth, entire; 

 spores 0.011-20 mm. long, 0,008-12 mm. thick. — Gray. Nat. Arr. 

 i. p. 442 ; Hook. Fl. Scot^ ii. p. 54 : Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 203; Tayl. 

 in ^Lick. Fl. Hib. ii. ]^. 149; Mudd, Man. p. 1'5 : Cromb. Lich. 

 Brit. p. 33 : Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 13t), ed. p. 125. — Lichen sinuosus 



