PARMKLIA.] I'ARMELIEI. 251 



in the 8.; vcrv locnl in Central Scotland; not seen from Ireland. — 

 H. M. : Saliani ^\'ood, Norfolk; near lUuy, SuHolk ; l-lpping Forest, 

 Essex; Broome Park, Kent ; St. Leonard's Forest, Poyning's Hill, and 

 lieeding Priory, Sussex ; near Netley ALbey, llampsliire ; Somerford 

 Keynes, \\'iltshire ; near Cirencester and Fairford, Gloucestershire ; near 

 the Ketch, Worcestershire ; Ilarboro' Magna, Warwickshire ; Stokesley, 

 Cleveland, Yorkshire. Auldbur, Forfarshire. 



21. P. olivacea Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 213.— Thallus orbicular, 

 membranaceous, appressed, ruguloseor minutely corrugate, laciniato- 

 lobed, subopaque, olive-brown or badious-umbrine ; beneath nearly 

 coQColorous, paler at the circumference, obsoletely fibrillose ; lobes 



radiating, plane, rounded, crenate (K~, CaCl~). Apothecia mode- 

 rate, dark chestnut-coloured, the margin entire or nearly entire ; 

 spores 0,011-19 mm. long, 0,OU7-10 mm. thick. — N^yl. Syn. i. 

 (18(J0) p. 395; Cromb. Grevillea, x. p. 24; Lich. Brit. p. 35 pro 

 parte ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 122 pro parte, ed. 3, p. 115 pro parte. — 

 Liclunoides olivacecm, scutelUs lavibus Dill. Muse. 182, t. 24. f. 77 a. 

 — Lichen olivaceiisand Pannelia olivacea of our older authors belong 

 to one or other of the following allied plants. 



Several species, now rightly separated, have been included here by 

 authors. As liiuited, it is readily recognized by the rugulose thallus and 

 the entire margin of the apothecia. It is a plant of a more boreal type 

 than any of its immediate allies. The apothec-ia are chiefly central and 

 crowded, the margin of the receptacle becoming less smooth and entire 

 in age. The spermogones are minute, black, immersed or prominent, 

 with spermatia 0,007 mm. long, about 0,001 mm. thick. 



Hab. On the trunks of trees, birch and alder, in wooded upland dis- 

 tricts. — Distr. Very local and rare in the N. Grampians, Scotland. — 

 B. M. : Abergeldie and Glen Clunie, liraemar, Aberdeenshii-e. 



22. P. exasperata Xyl. Xot. Siillsk. pro F. et Fl. F. Forh. n. s. 

 V. (1866) p. 120 (note). — Thallus orbicular, membranaceous, mi- 

 nutely and densely rugoso-papillosc, olive-brown ; beneath paler, 

 sparingly fibiillose ; lobes more or Jess obliterated in the centre, 



appressed, rounded and incise -crenate at the circumference (K~ 

 CaCl~). Apothecia small, or at length somewhat large, chestnut- 

 coloured, the margin elevated, verrucose and papillose ; spores shortly 

 ellipsoid, 0,009-12 mm. long, 0,007-10 mm. thick. — Cromb. Journ. 

 Linn. Soc. Eot. xvii. p. 572. — Pannelia olivacea subsp. exasperata 

 Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 35 ; var. exasperata Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 123, 

 ed. 3, p. 115. CoUcma exasperatum Ach. Lich. Univ. (ISIO) p. 645. 

 ParmeJia olivacea Gray, Xat. Arr. i. p. 438 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 

 p. 52 ; Eng. Fl. ii. p. 200 ; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 143 ; 

 Mudd, Man. p. 99 pro parte. Lichen oUvaceus fluds. Fl. Augl. 

 p. 446; Lightf. Fl. Scot ii. p. 819 pro parte ; AYith. Arr. ed. 3, iv. 

 p. 35 : Eng. Bot. t. 2180. Lichenoides olivaceum, scutcUis amp)Uori- 

 htis verrucosis Dill. Muse. 184, t. 24. f. 78. Lichenoides crusta 

 foliosa scufellaia. 2^idlum Dill, in Bay, Syn. ed. 3, p. 72, n. 60. — 



