300 LICHENACEI. [pnYSCIA. 



Lich. Fl. p. 144, cd. 3, p. 133. Squamaria candelaria ft. pohjcarpa 

 Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 51 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 198. Psoroma lydii- 

 carpum Gray, Xat. Ait. i. p. 445. Lichen jioli/carinis Ehrh. Exs. 

 (1785) n. 137 ; Eng. Bot. t. V95.—Brit. Exs. : Leight. n. 265 ; 

 ^uM, n. 86 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 47. 



Characterized by the less developed granulato-conglomerate thallus, 

 which occa^i )ually spreads somewhat extensively, and by the crowded 

 apothecia, which may be so numerous as almost to cover the lobes except 

 at the immediate circumference. The spores are somewhat smaller than 

 in F. parietina. In less favourable habitats it occurs in small, orbicular, 

 isolated patches. 



Hah. On old pales and trees, chiefly larch, in maritime and upland 

 districts. — Distr. Found here and there throughout England, in ]S . Wales, 

 and in the Central Highlands of Scotland ; not yet seen in Ireland. — 

 B. M. : Yarmouth, Suffolk ; St. Leonard's Forest, Sussex ; Kemble, 

 Gloucestershire; Gogmagog Hills, Cambridgeshire; Twycross, Leicester- 

 shire ; near Oswestry, Shropshire ; Island of Anglesea ; Redcar, Cleve- 

 land, Yorkshire ; near Hexham, Xorthumberland. Finlarig and ne<ar 

 Lawer's Inn, Killin, Perthshire ; Durris, Kincardineshire. 



Form lotulata Cromb. Grevillea, xv. (1887) p. 78. — Thalhis 

 efi'use, scattered, pulvinate, yellowisb-orauge ; lobes very short, 

 roundly creuate. Apothecia minute, numerous ; spores 0,012-17 

 mm. long, 0,007- 8 mm. thick. — Physcia parietina e. lobidata Mudd, 

 Man. p. 113 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 38. Lecanora lohnlata Flcirke, 

 Deutscb. Fl. Exs. (1821) n. 14:.— Brit. Exs. : Mudd, n. 86. 



Probably a starved state of the type, with which it often grows associ- 

 ated, and from which it differs in the smaller and usuaUy more scattered 

 thallus and in the minute apothecia. Occasionally the thallus is only 

 sparingly visible around the apothecia. 



Hab. On old pales in upland districts. — Distr. Only in N. England and 

 among the S. and N.E. Grampians, Scotland. — B. ^I. : Cleveland, York- 

 shii'e. Killin, Perthshire ; Durris, Kincardineshire. 



5. P. lychnea Xyl. ex Carroll, Journ. Bot. 1865, p. 283. — Thallus 

 effuse, microphylline, as(;ending or erect, lacero-laciuiate, orange- 

 coloured or tawuy-)'ellow ; beneath paler ; lacinia) narrow, dissecto- 

 multifid, crowded, entire and usually granuloso-pulverulent at the 



margins (X+^'^'^^^^-P'''"!''''^, CaCl^). Apothecia subterminal, scat- 

 tered, moderate, concolorous, the margin entire or crenate ; spores 

 0,011-17 mm. long, 0,007-11 mm. thick. — Cromb. Grevillea, xv. 

 p. 78. — Physcia parietina subsp. lychnea Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 38. 

 Physcia parietina ^i. lychnea Mudd, Man. p. 114; Leight. Lich. FL 

 p. 143, ed. 3, p. 132. ParmeUa candelaria var. lychnea Ach. Meth. 

 (1803) p. 187. Lichen canddarius Eng. Bot. t. 1794 pro parte. 

 Lichen concolor Dicks, pro parte, and also probably Lichen candelarius 

 pro parte of our older authors. — Brit. Exs. : Leight. n. 11 ; Larb. 

 Lich. Hb. n. 162. 



The thallus occasionally spreads very extensively over the substratum. 

 Though sometimes growing associated with P. parietina, yet it is entitled 



