GYROniOKA.] GYKOI'IfulUCr. 329 



eellate, large, numerous, much gyrosu-plicatc. — Cromb. Journ. Bot. 

 1882, p. 273. — Umbilicaria cylindrica var. Delisei Dcspr. fide Nyl. 

 Lich. fScand. (1861) p. 117. 



A well-marked variety, distiiifruished by tlie cliar.icter.s of the tliallus 

 and of the apothecia. In tlie few Briti-sli speciuien-; seen the th.dlu.s is 

 thick, sliurtly Hbrillose or nearly qnite naked at the margins, beneath of 

 a somewhat pale pink colour and rluzinose, especially towards the cir- 

 cumference. The apothecia are large, crowded, and much gyro.so-plicate. 



Hah. On rocks and bnulders in alpine places. — Diih: Only on the 

 Rumniits of two of tlie loftiest Scottish Grampians. — B. M. : Ben-naboord, 

 Aberdeenshire ; Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire. 



Var. y. tornata Fr. fil. Lich. Scand. (1871) p. 157. — Thallus 

 polyphyllous, complicate, more or less rugose on the upper surface ; 

 lobes congested, ascending, undulate, crisp, naked or subnaked at 

 the margins. — Gi/ropJiora tornata Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 222, 

 t. 2. f. i;3. Giiyo2)liora prohoscideu Z. exasperata Turn. & Borr. Lich. 

 Br. p. 219. Um/jilicaria varia t. j->roboscidea d. exasperata Leight. 

 Ann. Mag. Xat. Hist. ser. 2, xviii. p. 294. Gt/rophora cylindrica 

 d. exasperata Mudd, Man. p. 119. Umhilicaria cylindrica form 

 exasperata Leight. Lich. Fl. p. '\&2, ed. 3, p. 149. 



Characterized by the smaller, subeffuse, polyphyllous th illus and the 

 congested ascending lobes, which are nearly naked at the margins. In 

 the British specimens the apothecia, which are small, are but rarely 

 present. 



Hah. On rocks and boulders in subalpine regions. — Didr. Verv 

 sparingly in W. and N. England, and among the Grampians, Scotland.— 

 B. M. : Falcon Clints, Teesdale, Durham. Cairn Turc, Braemar, Aber- 

 deenshire. 



4. G. erosa Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 103.— Thallus monophyllous, 

 thin, rigid, rugose, deuselj- cribrose, erose or eroso-laciniate at the 

 margins, olive-brown or brownish-black ; beneath naked, usually 



thinly granulose, pale-brown (K~, CaCl~). Apothecia somewhat 

 prominent, at lirst plane and thinly margined, at length convex and 

 immarginate, gyroso-plicate ; spores 0,011-12 mm. long, 0,006-7 

 mm. thick. — Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 79 (pro parte). — Liclien erosus 

 Weber, Spic. Fl. Gott. (1778) p. 2bd.--Gyrop)hora erosa of other 

 British authors belongs entirely to the following species. 



Easily known by the pecidiar reticulato-perforate upper surface and the 

 usually finely lacero-laciniate margins of the thallus. It is also generally 

 marked above by flexuose anastomosing black, indented lines, whence it 

 appears as if iusculpt with rivulose sutures. The apothecia are smaD, 

 numerous, at first but very shghtly, afterwards more plicate. 



Hab. On rocks in alpine regions. — Distr. Very local and rare on one or 

 two of the higher Scottish Grampians. — B. M. : Lochnagar, 3Iorrone, 

 and Ben-naboord, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 



5. G. torrefacta Cromb. Grevillea, xii. (1884) p. 74. — Thallus 

 monophyllous, somewhat thickish, plicato-rugose, scarcely cribrose, 



