GYROrnOEA.] GYKorilOKI-I. 331 



A very distinct species liavinff a general resemblance to G. croan, but 

 differing in the upper surface being i)apulos()-riigiilo8e and iiupi'rfoiate, 

 and in the lower being darker, egranulosc, and lacunose. It is also fur- 

 ther sep<aruted by the reaction of the niedulhi. It is usually fertile, the 

 apothecia being numerous and very variable according to age. 



Ilah. On rocks and large boulders in ali)ine situations. — JJi.str. Not yet 

 ■with certainty gathered, except on a few of the higher f Jrampians, Scot- 

 laud. — B. M. : Ben More, Breadalbane, Perthshire ; Lochnagar, Morrone, 

 and Ben-naboord, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Ben Nevis, Lochaber, Inver- 

 ness-shire. 



7. G. arctica Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 106, t. 2. f. 6.— Thallus mono- 

 phyllous, moderate or somewhat large, thick, rigid, slightly lobcd, 

 irregularly crcnate and reflexed at the margins, crowdedly graiiulato- 

 corrugate, brownish or blackish-brown, often pale greyish; beneath 



minutely granulato-rimulose, pale, blackish in the centre (K~, CaCl 

 +rcd)' Apothecia at length convex, gjTOSo-complicate ; spores 

 0,012-16 mm. long, 0,006-8 mm. thick,— Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit, 

 p. 225 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2485 ; Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 477. — Gyropliora 

 prohoscidea /j. arctica Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 217. Gifrophora hyperhoreci 

 0. arctica Mudd, Man. p. 117. UmhUkaria arctica Cromb. Lich. 

 Brit. p. 40 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 157, ed. 3, p. 145. UmhiUcaria 

 varia ?. arctica Leight. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xviii. p. 283. 

 Lichenoides atrum, Corii Fersici instar exasj'eratum Dill. Muse. 220, 

 t. 30. f. 119. 



By some authors (as subsequently by Acharius himself, Syu. p. 65) 

 this has been regarded only as a variety of G. prohoscidea ; while others 

 have viewed it as being a variety rather of G. hyperhorea, with which it 

 agrees in the reaction of the medulla. From both of these, however, it 

 is sufficiently separated by the characters of the thallus to entitle it to 

 specific rank. The few I3riti.-h specimens are only of moderate size, 

 though sufficiently typical. With us the apothecia ai'e extremely rare, 

 and have only once been met with. 



Hah. On rocks in alpine situations. — Distr. Found only with certainty 

 on one or two of the Scottish Grampians in Braemar. — B. M. : Ben- 

 naboord, Aberdeenshire. 



8. G. polyphylla Turn. & Borr. Lich. Br. (1839) p. 214.— Thallus 

 monophyllous or polyphyllous, small or moderate, somewhat rigid, 

 smooth or subsmooth, irregularly lobed, black or brownish-black ; 



beneath naked, smooth, black (K~, CaCl~ r- ^^jj^l^). Apothecia 



small, at first plane, thinly margined, at length convex, immar- 

 ginate, only slightly gyroso-plicate ; spores 0,013-18 mm. long, 

 0,007-8 mm. thick.— 8m. Eng. Fl. v. p. 217 ; Mudd, Man. p. 116, 

 t. ii. f. 36 : Cromb. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xvii. p. 576. — Gyropliora 

 fjJahra ft. polyphyUa Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 476 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 

 p. 41. UmhiUcaria polypliylla Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 41 ; Leight. 

 Lich. Fl. p. 155, ed. 3, p. 143. UmhiUcaria varia a. p>oJyphyl1a 

 Leight. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xviii. p. 278. Lichen poJy- 

 phyllus Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) p. 1150; Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 455 ; 

 Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 863 ; With. Nat. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 65 : Eug. 



