37(5 LICHEXACEI. [lECAXORA. 



verrueoso-unequal, or subsmooth, greyish or greyish- white (K-i- 

 purplish). Apothecia small or submoderate, biatoriue, plane or at 

 length •convex, bright rusty-red (K + purple), the proper margin 

 thin, undulate, subpersistent ; spores ellipsoid, polari-bilocular, with 

 longitudinal tube or none, 0,011-16 mm. long, 0,006-9 mm. thick. 

 — Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 47 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. (forma cortkola) 

 p. 219, ed. 3, p. 20S. — Callojnsma ferrwjiaeuin ^Mudd, Man. p. 139. 

 Lecidea fermginea Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 18-4 pro parte ; Tayl. in Mack. 

 Fl. Hib. ii. p. 128 pro parte : Lkhen ferrwjinem Huds. Fl. Angl. 

 (1762) p. 4-41:: Eng. Bot. t. 16.50. Lecidea c<rsio-rnfa Gray, Nat. 

 Arr. i. p. 473 ])ro part ' ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 39 pro parte. Lichen 

 verncdis Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 805 pro parte. Lichenoides Uprosum, 

 tuht-rcuUs fuscis et ferrugineis Dill. Muse. 126, t. IS. f. 4 pro parte. 

 —Brit. Ex-s. : Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 95 ; Bohl. u. 108. 



Easily recognized by the colour of the apothecia. In its ttpical state 

 it is coiiicolous, seldom, at least in this country, saxicolous. The thallus 

 varies considerably in thickness : when it is little developed the greyish- 

 black hypothaUiis'is here and there visible. It is usually well fertile, 

 with numerous apothecia, which are occasionally proliferous. They are 

 rarely crowned by the thallus when thicker and verrucose, -whence form 

 sublecanorina Nyl. Flora, 1873, p. 197, which occurs also in the variety. 



Hah. On trunks of trees, very rarely on schistose rocks, in maritime 

 and upland situations. — Distr. General in most parts of England ; rarer 

 in Scotland and Ireland ; very rare in the Channel Islands.— B. M. : 

 Island of Guernsey. Boiy St. Edmunds, Suffolk : Epping Forest and 

 TMddington. Essex : Hurst, St. Leonard's Forest, Lewes and Brighton, 

 Sussex ; Xew Forest, Hants : Isle of Wight ; near Plymouth, Devonshire ; 

 near Bocconoc, St. Minver, and Penzance, Cornwall ; Oswestry, Shrop- 

 shire : Barmouth, Merionethshire ; Island of Auglesea ; Cleveland, York- 

 shire : Teesdale, Durham ; Levens, Westmoreland. Largs, Ayrshire ; 

 near Stirling ; Finlarig and Kenmore, Perthshire. Kenmare and Glen- 

 more Lake. co. Kerry ; Kylemore, Counemara, co. Galway. 



Yar. fi. festiva Xyl. Lich. Scand. (1861) p. 143. — Thallus thin 

 or thinnish, greyish or dark, rimuloso-areolate, often evanescent. 

 Apothecia small, v.'ith the proper margin entire, flexuose or crenu- 

 late, at length convex and immarginate. — Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 47 ; 

 Grevillea, xviii. p. 45. — L. fcrruginea forms saxicola, festiva Leight. 

 Lich. Fl. pp. 219, 220, ed. 3, pp. 208, 209. CaUojiisma ferrugi- 

 neinn (d. festiva Mudd, Man. p. 139. Lecidea ccesio-rufa /3. festiva 

 Ach. Syn. (1814) p. 44. Lichen crenularius With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. 

 p. 405 (errore crenidatas p. 22). Lecanora ferruginea var. crenx- 

 laria Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 47- — Brit. Exs. : Leight. u. 85 ; Mudd, 

 n. 102 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 165. 



When best developed almost confluent with the type. The thallus is 

 verv rarelv whitish (in the darker states K— ), and is frequently entirely 

 absent. The apothecia are small or minute, at times crowded, with the 

 margin often inflexed and more or less erenulate, whence Lichen crenu- 

 larius With. 



Hab. On neks in maritime and mountainous districts. — Distr. Not 

 unfrequent and plentiful Avhei-e it occurs in Great Britain and 



