452 LiciiEXACEi. [lecaxoba. 



thin, black. Apot.hecia small or moderate, appressed, plane or at 

 len,2:tli somewhat convex, brownish-black or badious-brown, the 

 thalline maro-in entire or slightl)' crenulate ; spores fiisiformi- 

 ellipsoid, 0,009-15 mm. long, 0,004-6 mm. thick; paraphyses 

 robust, brownish at the apices. — ^ludd, Man. p. 144, t. 2. f. 50 ; 

 Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 53 ; Leig-ht. Lich. Fl. p. 212, ed. 3, p. 198.— 

 Binodina badia, Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 450. Lichen badius, Pers. 

 TJst. Ann. Bot. vii. (1794) p. 27.— Brit. E.vs. : Leight. n. 206 ; 

 Mudd, n. 110; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 334. 



A well-marked spec'es easily recognized by the colom- of the thallus 

 and of the apothecia. It spreads extensively over the substratum, and is 

 always well fertile. In alpine situations the apothecia have the thalline 

 margin more or less tlexuose. The spermogones are frequent, with sper- 

 matia 0,007-0,010 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. Very singularly the plant 

 was overlooked by our older authors, though in Sowerby's herbarium it 

 appears s. u. Lichen sqnamulosus from Teesdale {Lecanora sqiicantilosa 

 Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 109). 



Hah. On rocks and boulders from maritime to alpine tracts. — Disfr. 

 General and common in most parts of Great Britain and Ireland ; rare in 

 the Channel Islands. — B. M. : Noirmont, Island of Jersey ; Island of 

 Guernsey. Bolt Head, S. Devon : near Penzance, Cornwall ; Bardon 

 Hill, Leicestershire ; Malvern, Worcestershire ; near Buxton, Derbyshire ; 

 Long Mynd, Shropshire; Barmouth and Dolgelly, Merionethshire; Llyn 

 Geiriouvdd, Carnarvon ; Ptoseberry, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Teesdale and 

 near Fglestone, Durham ; Blacklot and Stavely Head, Westmoreland ; 

 Ennerdale, Cumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; Appin, 

 Argvleshire ; Ben Lawers, Perthshire ; Nigg and Portlethen, Kincar- 

 dineshire ; Cairn Turc and MoiTone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Glen Nevis, 

 Inverness-shire. Mount Leinster, co. Carlow ; Kylemore Castle, co. 

 Galway ; Lurgedon Mt. and near Carnlough, co. Antrim. 



Var. /3. cinerascens Nyl. Lich. Scand. (1861) p. 170.— Thallus 

 paler, greyish, with the thalline margin of the apothecia conco- 

 lorous : otherwise as in the type. — Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 54 ; 

 Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 213, ed. 3, p. 198. 



Differs only in colour ; but this is so marked as to entitle it, in the 

 absence of intermediate states, to rank as a good variety. 



Hab. On shady schistose rocks and walls in maritime and moun- 

 tainous districts. — Bistr. Local in S. Wales, the Central Grampians and 

 N.E. Scotland. — B. M. : Cader Idris, Merionethshire. Craig TuUoch, 

 Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Portlethen, Kincardineshire. 



Snbsp. L. picea Nyl. Flora, 1868, p. 478. — Thallus and apothecia 

 pitch-black, shining; spores oblong, 0,007-11 mm. long, 0,004-5 

 mm. thick. — Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1869, p. 108 ; Lich. Brit. p. 54. — 

 L. badia 'iorva picea, Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 214, ed. 3, p. 19i). 



Characterized by the colour of the thallus and of the apothecia, and 

 more especially by the smaller spores. This latter character keeps it 

 distinct from darker states of the type with which it might be con- 



