458 



LICHEXACEI. 



[lFX^AXOKJl. 



paraphyses scarcely discrete, the apices incrassate. — Hook. Fl. Scot. 

 ii. p. 40 ; 8m. Eng. il. v. p. 190; Leight. Angi. Lieh. p. 8G, t. 14. 

 f. 1 ; Lich. Fl. p. 230, ed. 3, p. 222 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 58.— 

 Phialoj-isis rubra Mudd, Man. p. 166, t. 3. f. 58. Riaodina rubra 

 Gray, Xat. Arr. i. p. 457. Verrucaria rubra Hoffm. PI. Lich. i. 

 (1793) p. 81. Lichen Uhni Sm. Eng. Bot. t. 2'2li^.—Brit. Exs. : 

 Leight. n. 236 ; Mudd, b. 138 ; Cromb. n. 168. 



Well characterized by the constantly 3-septate spores, which separate 

 it from all the other species of the genus, so that it has been placed by 

 sporologists in a distinct genus Phialopsis. From the form of the apo- 

 thecia it might at first sight be taken for a Gyaleda approaching 

 L. foveolaris ; but it is at once remoyed fi-om this by their distinct tballiiie 

 margin. The thallus spreads very extensively over the substratum. 

 The apothecia are numerous, becoming at length dark-red. The spermo- 

 gones have not yet been detected. 



Hab. On trunks of old elms, occasionally overspreading mosses on 

 walls and rocks in upland districts. — Distr. Local in W. and X. England, 

 and on the Central and X. Grampians, Scotland ; other localities from 

 which it has been reported being veiy doubtful. — B.M. : "VMgmore 

 Cattle, Herefordshire ; Craig-y-Rhiw, near Oswestry, 8bropshire ; near 

 Eievaulx. Bilsdale, and Greta Bridge, Yorkshire. Craig Tulloch, Blair 

 Athole, Peithshire ; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 



M. Apothecia lecanorine : spores 8n3e or 4— 6u3e, very rarely 2na3, 

 large, simple, colourless ; hymeuial gelatine bluish with iodine. 

 Spennogones with simple sterigmata and acicular straight 

 spermatia. (OchroIecJiia Mass. Kich. (1852) p. 30.) 



154. L. tartarea Ach. Lich. Lniy. (ISIO) p. 371, t. 7. f. 3.— 

 Thallus orbiculari-expanded, thick, tartareous. grauuloso- or vcr- 

 rucoso-conglomerate, unequal, whitish or 

 greyish- white (K-|- yellowish, the apices 

 of the verrucje CaCi-f-red); hypothallus 

 white, often indistinct. Apothecia large, 

 concaye, plane or tuberculato-convex, 

 rugulose, pale-testaceous (CaCl -f- reddish) ; 

 the thalliue margin thick, entire or in- 

 flexed, at length undulate : spores 8nae, 

 ellipsoideo-oblong, 0,040-72 mm. long, 

 0,027-40 mm. thick; paraphyses thin, 

 not well discrete. — Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 

 p. 49 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. y. p. 191 ; Tayl. in 

 Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 138 ; Mudd, "Man. 

 p. 156, t. ii. f. 3L: Cromb. Lich. Erit. 

 p. 54 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 187, ed. 3, 

 p. 175. — Rinodlna tartarea Gray, Xat. 



Arr. i. p. 455. Lichen tartareus Linn. Sp. PL (1753) p. 1141 ; 

 Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 444; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 811; With. Arr. 

 ed. 3, iv. p. 23 ; Eug. Bot. t. 156. Lichenoides crvistaceum et lepro- 



A 



Fig. 67. 

 Lccanora tartarea. — a. 

 spore, x350. b. Sterig- 

 mata and spermatia, 

 X5UU. 



