LECAXOR.V.] LKCAXO-LIOCIDEEI. Aoi) 



sunt, ncetabidis majorihus hdeis, Jinibis arr/cnteis ])ill. in liay Syn. 

 cd. 3, 71. 46 ; Muse. 132, t. 18. f. 13.— Brit. Exs. : Lei-ht. ii. 82 ; 

 Miidd, n. 128 ; Bohl. n. 10 ; Cromb. n. GJJ. 



This, the " Cudbear Lichen " of Scotland, is a variable plant as to the 

 thallus and apothccia, whence the varieties and subspecies that follow. 

 The thallus, which often spreads exten.-ively over the substratum, is 

 thick, at times very thick, rarely thinnish when the hyp<jthallus is more 

 distinctly visible at the circumference. A state with the verruca3 sub- 

 globose, growing on Genista in Teesdale, was termed b\' Acharius var. 

 yrandinosa, Lich. Univ. p. 372 ; Cromb. Enum. /. c. ; Leight. Lich. Fl. 

 /. c. ; but this is a frequent character when corticolous, whence also var. 

 arborea (DC. Fl. Fr. ii. p. •304), Schaer, Enum. p. 80 ; Mudd, Man. p. 15G 

 pro parte. — The apothecia, which are numerous, are generally large and 

 occasionally become proliferous. The spermogones are abundant, ver- 

 rucpeform, often congregate, with spermatia 0,005-7 n)m. long, 0,000-j mm. 

 thick {fide Xyl.). 



Ilab. On rocks and old trunks of trees, rarely on the ground, in mari- 

 time but chietly mountainous districts to high altitudes. — Diatr. General 

 and abundant in Great Britain and Ireland ; rare in the Channel Islands. 

 — B. M. : Island of Alderney. Near Lyndhurst, New Forest, Hants ; 

 Bolt Head and Dartmoor, Devonshire ; Lamorna, near Penzance, Corn- 

 wall ; Cader Idris and Aberdovey, Merionethshire ; Conway Falls, Den- 

 bighshire ; Clee Hill, Shropshire ; Ilighcliff, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; 

 Teesdale, Durham ; Kentmere, Westmoreland ; Alston, Cumberland ; 

 The Cheviots, Northumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; 

 A\Tshire ; Pentland Hills and Dalmahoy Hill, near Edinburgh ; Kdmun, 

 Ben Cruachau, and Barcaldine, Argyleshire : Glen Falloch, Finlarig, 

 Craig Calliach, Ben Lawers, Amulree, Craig Mnean, and Craig Tulloch, 

 Perthshire; Portlethen, Kincardineshire ; Craig Koynoch, Morrone, Ben- 

 naboord, and Glen Callater, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Rothiemurchus 

 Woods and Glen Nevis, Inverness-sliire ; Larig, Sutherlandshive ; Apple- 

 cross, Ross-sbire. Clonmel, co. Tipperary ; Dougbruagh mts., Connemara, 

 CO. Galway. 



Yar. /3. frigida Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 372. — Thallus effuse, 

 thin, papillate, subspinnlose or granulate. Apothecia small or sub- 

 moderate, the thalline margin occasionally subspinnlose. — Mudd, 

 Man. p. 1.56 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 40 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 188, 

 ed. 3, p. 175 : Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 49 (ut var. y). — Rinodina fn- 

 gida Grav, Nat. Arr. i. p. 454. Lichen frvjidus Sw. Meth. Muse. 

 (1781)p."'36, t. 2. f. 4; Eng. Bot. t. 1879; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. 

 p. 22. Lichen Upsaliensis Eng. Bot. t. 1634, Dicks. Crypt, fasc. i. 

 p. 12, t. ii. f. 7, and Lecanora tartarea (5. Upsaliensis Sm. Eng. Fl. 

 v. p. 191, denote only espinulose states of this variety. — Brit. Exs. : 

 Cromb. u. 70. 



Well distinguished by the thinner, more or less spinulose thallus. which 

 on peaty or detrital soil becomes somewhat granulose. It is usually well 

 fruited, especially at higher altitudes. A state with minute apothecia 

 occasionally occurs, and is form microcarpa Fr. til. Lich. Scand. p. 234 ; 

 Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 70. 



Hah. lucrustiug mosses on the ground upon moorlands and mountains 



