LKCANOKA.] LECAXO-LECIDEEI. 475 



Only a well-maikt'd foim of tins variety, characterized by the isolated 

 areola", in each of which tjicre is fi central uuibilicus indicating the 

 abortive apothecia. I'robably it may be only a very y<iiing condition. 



Ilab. On calcareous stones of a wall in au upland f-ituation. — iJistr. 

 Only very .sparingly among the Central Grampians, Scotland. — V>. ^I. : 

 (ilen Fender, JJlair A thole, Perlh;^hire. 



Var, 7. Hoflfmanni Somra. Sujij)]. Fl, Lapp. (1826) p. 102. — 

 Thalliis tliinnish or thick, contiguous or subcontiguous, glaucescent. 

 Apothocia elevated, moderate or somewhat large, the margin often 

 rugoso-crenate ; sjwres 0,021-34 mm. long, 0,Ul()-18 mm. thick. — 

 Crorab. Grcvillca, xix. p. 57 ; Lich. Eiit. p. 54 pro parte ; forma 

 Hoffnianni Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 209 pro parte, cd. 8, p. 103. 

 Urctohiria JJoffmanni Gray, Xat. Arr. i. p. 459 pro parte. Lichen 

 Hoffnianni Ach. Prodr. (1798) p. 31 ; Engl. Bot. t. VMO.—Brit. 

 Exs. : Mudd, u. 134. 



A very distinct variety, if not a subspecies, having much the general 

 aspect of L. (/il.bom, but belonging to L. calcarca, as shown by the 

 sperniatia, which in form and si/e are identical. From var. (^, with 

 which it has often been confused, it difl'ers in the more contiguous and 

 diti'erently coloured (at times subplunibeousj thallus and the less immersed 

 apothecia. 



Hab. On rocks and walls (not exclusively calcareous) in maritime, but 

 chietly in hilly districts. — Dist?: Only here and there in Great Britain ; 

 apparently rare in iS.AV. Ireland. — B. M. : Beachy Head, Sus.-ex; near 

 Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; Buxton, Berbyshiie; Chance's Pitch, Mal- 

 vern, Worcestershire ; near Roseberry, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Levens, 

 Westmoreland. Ben Cruachan, Argyleshire ; Glen Fender, Blair Athole, 

 Perthshire ; Poitlethen, Kincardineshire. Boughruagh mts., Connemai'a, 

 CO. Galway. 



173. L. verrucosa Xvl. Mem. 8oe. Cherb. t. v. (1857) p. 113 ; 

 Lich. J^cand. p. lo'i. — Thallus efluse, yernicoso-uneqiial, naked or 

 slightly pulverulent, white or glaucou.s-wbite (K — , CaCl — ). Apo- 

 thecia immersed iji the verrucae, moderate, eoncave, at length 

 somewhat plane, blackish, naked or pruiuose, the thalline margin 

 thick, entire, infiexed ; spores subollipsoid, large, 0,030-62 mm. 

 long, 0,016-32 mm. thick; paraphyses not discrete; hymenial 

 gelatine pale-bluish, then sordid-yellow or wine-red with iodine. — 

 Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 55 ; Leight'. Lich. Fl. p. 214, ed. 3, p. 200. — 

 Aspicilia vtrrucosa !Mudd, "Man. p. 164. Urceolaria verrucosa Ach. 

 Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 'd'd^—Bnt. Exs. : Cromb. n. 73. 



Characterized by the white, usually more or less farinose thallus, by its 

 place of growth, and by the large spores. The thallus varies somewhat 

 in thickness and colour according to the habitat, while on more sterile 

 soil it is smaller and determinate. The apothecia are numerous, at first 

 urceolate, then plane, the thalline margin rarely obsolete, when the 

 proper margin, Avhich is thin and blackish, becomes conspicuous. 



Hah. Inerusting mosses on rocks, rarely on the ground (chiefly cal- 

 cai'eous),in upland andsubalpine situations. — Distr. Local inX. England 



