110 LECANO-LECIDEEI [bIATORINA 



black, innate, plane or often angular and umbonate, with a thin 

 ilexuose )nargin ; hypotliecium colourless oi- brownish ; paraphyses 

 discrete, bluish-green or dark-brown at the apices ; spores 

 spherical or subellipsoid, 0,003-4 mm. long, 0,002-3 mm. thick. — 

 Lecidea Mario Fr. Lich. Eur. p. 319 (1831) ; Cromb. Lich. Brit, 

 p. 84 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 353 ; ed. 3, p. 382. 



Has much the appearance of Lecidea fuscoatra. 



Hah. On rocks. — Distr. Somewhat uncommon in maritime, or 

 chiefly in alpine districts in England and Scotland, not recorded from 

 Ireland. — B. M. Barmontli, near Dogelly, and Cader Idris, Merioneth ; 

 Yorkshire ; Ben Lawers, Perthshire ; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 



Var. clnerea Mudd /. c. — Thallus cracked-areolate, the areolae 

 crowded towards the centre, greyish-brown, less distinctly 

 effigurate at the circumference. Otherwise as in the type. — 

 Lecidea Morio var. cinerea Schtier. Enum. p. 108 (1850). Specimen. 

 not seen. 



Mudd dies Leighton's Exsicc. L. fuscoatra n. 304, but the speci- 

 men of this number in the British Museum belongs to L. fuscoatra. 



Hob. On rocks. — Distr. Wales (Barmouth, Merioneth) and N. 

 England. 



73. BIATORINA Massal. Ric. Lich. p. 134 (1852) emend. ; 

 Mudd Man. p. 175 (1861). ThaUoidima Massal. I.e. p. 95; 

 Mudd Man. I. c. p. 172. Catillaria Massal. /. c. p. 78. (PI. 10.) 



Thallus minutely squamulose {ThaUoidima), turgid or variously 

 crustaceous, sometimes evanescent or wanting. Algal cells Pro- 

 tococcus or rarely Trentejpohlia. Apothecia either light-coloured 

 and biatorine (Biatorina) or black and lecideine (Catillaria), the 

 proper margin often obliterated ; spores usually 8 in the ascus, 

 ellipsoid or oblong, usually 1 -septate, colourless. 



Massalongo described three genera, ThaUoidima, Catillaria and 

 Biatorina, which differ slightly in the form of the thallus and the 

 texture of the apothecia, but are all characterized by the colourless 

 usually 2-celled spores. Mudd united Catillaria and Biatorina under 

 the latter, retaining ThaUoidima as a separate genus. 



1. B. coeruleonigricans A. L. Sm. — Thallus determinate, 

 squamulose, usually bluish-grey-pruinose, pale-brown, glaucous 

 or bluish-black (K — , CaCl — ); squamules smooth, turgid-plicate 

 in the centre, roundly lobed at the circumference. Apothecia 

 sessile, moderate, plane or somewhat convex, bluish-black, bluish- 

 grey-pruinose or naked, the margin thick, obtuse, occasionally 

 flexuose, at length excluded ; paraphyses dark-brown at the 

 apices ; hypothecium reddish- or dark-brown ; spores subfusi- 

 form or subacicular, 0,018-30 mm. long, 0,002-4 mm. thick; 

 hymenial gelatine bluish then wine-red with iodine. — Lichenoides 

 glaucum, squamis crassis, hrevissimis Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 228, 

 t. 30, f. 135 (1740). Lichen coeruleonigricans Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. 



