270 PYRKNOCARPEI [dERMATOCARPON 



Hah. On maritime rocks. — Dislr. Rare in N.]-'. England. — B. M. 

 On the shore of the Tyne, near Newcastle, Northumberland. 



3. D. lachneum A. L. Sm. — Thallus coriaceous, squamose, 

 brownish-red, the squanmles roundish, ilcxuose or incised, often 

 imbricate with the margins free, or appressed and adnate, under 

 surface rhizinose. Perithecia minute, the ostioles dark-brown ; 

 spores 8 in the ascus, oblong or ovate, 0,013-1 8 mm. long, 0,008 mm. 

 thick. — Lichen lachneus Ach. Lich. Suec. Prodr. p. 140 (1798); 

 Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1698 (1807). L. leptophjllus Sm. Engl. Bot. 

 t. 2012, f. 1 (1809). Endocarpon lachneum Ach. Meth. p. 127 

 (1803); S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 500; Tayl. in Mackay Fl. 

 Hib. ii. p. 99; Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 14, t. 3, f. 2 pro parte. 

 E. rufcscens Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 304 (1810) ; Mudd Man. p. 267 

 pro parte; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 108; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 411 ; 

 ed. 3, p. 443 (incl. f. lachneum). E. Hedwigii var lachneum Hook, 

 in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 156 (1833). 



Exsicc. Bohl. n. 75 (as Endocarpon Hedwigii). 



The species name lachneum is older than rufcscens, and Smith's 

 figure of Lichen lachneus unquestionably represents this plant. 

 Acharius originally described E. rufcscens as reddish when fresh, and 

 E. lachneum as at first gi-eenish-brown. The British specimens vary 

 in colour from brown to brownish-red. 



Hab. On earth among rocks, chiefly in upland regions. — Distr. 

 Rare in the maritime and hilly regions of the British Isles. — B. M. 

 St. Minver, Cornwall ; Torquay, Devon ; Albourne and near Houghton, 

 Sussex ; Cheddar Cliffs, Clifton and Bathhampton Downs, Somerset ; 

 Llanymynech Hill, Shropshire ; Malvern Hill, Worcestershire ; Tenby, 

 Pembrokeshire ; Newmarket Heath, Cambridgeshire ; near Buxton and 

 Dovedale, Derbyshire ; Malham, Yorkshire ; Windermere, Westmore- 

 land ; King's Park, Edinburgh ; Craig Calliach and Ben Lawers, 

 Perthshire ; Craig Guie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Hills of Applex, 

 Rossshire. 



4. D. hepaticum Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. p. 255 (I860).— Thallus 

 coriaceous, squamulose, brownish to dark-brown, the squamules 

 round or angular, closely adnate, more or less dispersed, the 

 margins entire, sometimes rather raised and blackish, the under 

 surface fibrillose. Perithecia minute, the ostioles dark-brown ; 

 spores 8 in the ascus, oblong, 0,011-16 mm. long, 0,006-8 mm. 

 thick. — Lichenoides, quod Lichen pulmonarius terrestres, etc. Dill. 

 Hist. Muse. p. 228, t. 30, f. 133 (1740)? Lichen trapeziformis 

 Zoega ex Dicks. PI. Crypt, ii. (1790)? Engl. Bot. t. 595? 

 Endocarpon hepaticum Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 298 (1810) ; Cromb. 

 Lich. Brit. p. 108 pro parte; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 412; ed. 3, 

 p. 443 (incl. f. exiguum). E. Hedwigii S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. 

 p. 500 (1821) pro parte ; Grev. Fl. Edin. p. 329 pro parte ; Hook, 

 in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 156 (1833)? (non Ach.); Leight. Angioc. 

 Lich. p. 14, t. 3, f. 3 (1851) pro parte. E. pusillum Tayl. in 

 Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 99 (1836) (non Hedw.) ; Mudd Man. 



