VERRDCARIA] VERRUCARIACEiE 283 



p. 286. V. chlorotica Hepp Flecht. Eur. n. 94 (1853) (non Ach.) ; 

 Mudd Man. p. 285. V. margacea var. suhmersa Cromb. Lich. 

 Brit. p. 112 (1870). 



ExsicG. Leight. n. 34 ; Mudd n. 272. 



Differs from V. wthiohola in the lighter-coloured and usually 

 better developed, more continuous thallus, forming a transition 

 between it and F. ■papillosa. In some specimens the spores are 

 persistently small, usually they measure about the same size as those 

 of V. papillosa. 



Hah. On rocks and stones in moist situations. — Distr. Rare in 

 N. and W. England, N.W. Scotland, and in S. and W. Ireland.— 5. M. 

 Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire ; Tintern Abbey, Monmouth- 

 shire ; Great Orme's Head, Carnarvonshire ; near Ayton and Kildale, 

 Cleveland, Yorkshire ; I. of Lismore, Argyll ; Ballinhassig, Glanmire 

 Road, Cork ; Black water Bridge, Kerry. 



16. V. papillosa Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 286 (1810).— Thallus 

 greyish, cracked into small irregular areolae, effuse or determinate. 

 Perithecia immersed then semi-emergent from a slight elevation 

 of the thallus ; perithecial wall dimidiate or continuous under 

 the base in a thin layer; spores ellipsoid, 0,018-24 mm. long, 

 0,006-010 mm. thick. — Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 54, t. 24, fig. 1 ; 

 Mudd Man. p. 287. V. margacea \?iY. papillosa Nyl. Lich. Scand. 

 p. 272 (1861); Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 112; Leight. Lich. Fl. 

 p. 417 ; ed. 3, p. 447. 



Exsicc. Mudd n. 274 (thallus poorly developed). Larb. Lich. 

 Hb. n. 159 (as F. setJiiobola). 



Closely allied to the preceding, from which it differs only in the 

 usually rather thicker more areolate thallus and the more papillose 

 appearance of the perithecia which emerge from slight swellings of 

 the thallus. 



Hah. On rocks and stones in moist situations. — Distr. Rather 

 rare in the Channel Islands, S.W. and N. England and W. Ireland. — 

 B, M. St. Lawrence Hill, Jersey ; Harberton and near Totnes, 

 Devon ; Shanklin, I. of Wight ; Worcester ; near Tenby, Pembroke- 

 shire ; Sowerdale, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Killarney, Kerry ; Killery 

 Bay and near Lettermore, Connemara, Galway ; Westport, Mayo. 



Thallus crustaceous or cartilaginous, cracked-areolate, effuse. 



17. V. Viridula Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 675 (1810).— Thallus 

 effuse, tartareous or crustaceous, thickish, pale or greenish-olive- 

 brown, cracked-areolate, the areolae irregular smooth or wrinkled 

 or verrucose. Perithecia black, large, deeply immersed, the 

 upper part visible ; perithecial wall black, thick over the upper 

 half continued by a thin black layer under the base ; spores 

 broadly ellipsoid, large, 0,018-35 mm. long, 0,010-17 mm. 

 thick.— Borr. in Sm. Engl. Bot. Suppl. after t. 2623, fig. 2 (text) ; 

 Hook, in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 153 ; Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. 

 p. 91 ? Mudd Man. p. 289 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 11 1 (excl. var. 



