318 PYKKNOCARPKI [ARTIIOPYRENIA 



or subveiitricose ; spores colourless, cylindrical, clavate, 1 -septate, 

 the upper cell rather thicker, the low(!r cell longer, 0,015-25 

 nun. long, 0,001-6 mm. thick. -Verrucaria epidermidis vnr. pyrc- 

 naatrcUa Nyl. in Maine et Loire Mem. Soc. Acad. iv. p. 59 

 (1858). V. pmictiformis f. trenml-di Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 434 

 (1871) ; ed. 3, p. 466, e descript. (F. stigmatella var. tremulue 

 Ach. Meth. p. 117 (1803)?). V. suhmiserrima Nyl. in Flora Ix. 

 p. 231 (1877), e descript. ; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3," p. 472. 



Allied to A. punctiformis, but with smaller congregate perithecia 

 and larger spores. 



Hab. On the bark of trees. — Distr. Eare in S. England, W. Scot- 

 land and S.W. Ireland. — B. M. Sheffield Park and Nutley, Sussex ; 

 Barcaldine, Lome, Argyll ; Croghan, Killarney, Kerry. 



4. A. cinereopruinosa Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. p. 368 

 (1855). — Thallus greyish- or yellowish- white, effuse, very thin. 

 Perithecia hemispherical, more or less minute, innate at first and 

 thinly covered by the thallus which gives them a pruinose appear- 

 ance, sometimes emergent and shining black ; perithecial wall 

 dimidiate ; asci cylindrical-clavate, rarely obovate ; paraphyses 

 slender, often septate, numerous or scanty, sometimes breaking 

 up ; spores colourless, equally 1 -septate, constricted in the 

 middle, with usually a slighter constriction in each cell, 015-22 

 mm. long, 005-7 mm. thick. — A. epidermidis var. cinereopruinosa 

 Mudd Man. p. 305 (1861) (inch subvar. galadites) {Verrucaria 

 galactites DC. Fl. Franc, ii. p. 315 (1805)?). Verrucaria cine- 

 reopruinosa Schser. Spicil. p. 343 (1833). V. epidermidis var. 

 cinereopruinosa Garov. Tent. p. 84, t. 5, fig. 5 (1865) ; Leight. 

 Lich. Fl. p. 432 ; ed. 3, p. 464. 



Exsicc. Leight. n. 197; Mudd n. 297; Carroll Lich. Hib. 

 n. 30; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 279 (as Verrucaria fallax). 



Differs from A. epiderinidis chiefly in the immersed perithecia, 

 but also in the more elongate asci and more distinct paraphyses. The 

 spores often have a distinct slight constriction in each cell. 



Hab. On bark of trees. — Distr. Somewhat rare in S. and N. 

 England and in S. Ireland. — B. M. Torquay, Devon ; near Crawley, 

 Sussex ; near Guiting and near Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; Ingleby 

 and Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Castle Bernard Park, Bandon, 

 Little Island and near Carrigaline, Cork ; Kenmare, Kerry ; near 

 Clifden and Renvyle Wood, Connemara, Galway. 



Form Hederge Arn. in Flora Ixviii. p. 160 (1885). — Differs 

 from the species in the somewhat more exposed and larger 

 perithecia and in the more elongate asci, the spores show 

 occasionally a second or third septum. — Pyrenula punctiformis 

 var. cinereopruinosa form Hederse Hepp Flecht. Eur. n. 105 

 (1853). 



Hab. On ivy branches. — Distr. Rare in W. Ireland.— B. M. Kil- 

 laloe, Clare. 



