ARTHOPYRENIA] PYRENULACEiE 319 



5. A. analepta Massal. Ric. Lich. p. 165 (1852) emend. Koeil). 

 Parerg. p. 389 (1865). — Tliallus effuse, developed under the 

 bark, which it colours light or dark-brown. Perithecia hemi- 

 spherical, semi-immersed, spreading at the base, moderate in size, 

 often ringed by a darker circle of the thallus ; perithecial wall 

 dimidiate ; paraphyses rather confused and entangled ; asci 

 clavate-oblong ; spores colourless, ellipsoid or oblong, 1 -septate, 

 slightly constricted in the middle, usually 0,022 mm. long, 

 0,007 mm. thick, but sometimes longer or narrower. — A. ejji- 

 dermidis var. analepta Mudd Man. p. 304 (1861) (inch subvars. 

 Mespyli, Goryli and acerini). Lichen analeptus Ach. Lich. Suec. 

 Prodr. p. 15 (1718)? Lejophlea analepta S. F. Gray Nat. 

 Arr. i. p. 496 (1823). Verrucaria epidermidis var. analepta 

 Hook, in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 149 (1833)? Tayl. in Mackay Fl. 

 Hib. ii.^p.:88? Leight. Angioc. p. 40, t. 17, fig. 4 & Lich. Fl, 

 p. 432 ; ed. 3, p. 463 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 119. 



Exsicc. Leight. n. 29 ; Mudd nos. 293, 296 (as A. epidermidis 

 var. punctiformis). 



Easily distinguished from the preceding three species by the larger 

 spreading perithecia, and usually by the darker thallus. Arnold 

 (Flora Ixviii. p. 159 (1868)) quotes Leight. Exsicc. n. 29 as A. fallax, 

 but the specimen in the British Museum is A. analepta. 



Hah. On the smooth bark of trees. — Distr. Not uncommon in 

 England, rare in S.W. Ireland. — B. M. Hadleigh Woods, Mark's 

 Hall, Ulting and Hoe Street, Essex ; Haughmond Hill, Shropshire ; 

 Llandyssil, Cardiganshire ; Bettws-y-Coed, CarDarvonshire ; Newton 

 Wood and Hoggart's Wood, Ingleby, Ayton and Cliffrigg, Cleveland, 

 Yorkshire ; Cromaglown, Killarney. 



6. A. fallax Arn. in Flora Ixviii. p. 159 (1885).— Thallus 

 effuse, developed under the bark which it colours light or 

 dark-brown. Perithecia moderate in size, hemispherical, semi- 

 immersed, spreading at the base, often ringed by a darker circle 

 of the thallus ; perithecial wall dimidiate ; paraphyses distinct, 

 few or numerous, free ; asci clavate-oblong ; spores colourless, 

 ellipsoid or oblong, 1 -septate, slightly constricted in the middle, 

 the lower cell usually smaller, 0,016-22 mm. long, 0,007-9 mm. 

 thick, spermogones with rod-like spermatia, 0,010 mm. long, 

 0,001 mm. thick. — A. epidermidis var. fallax Mudd Man. p. 303, 

 t. 5, fig. 126 (1861). Lichen analeptus ^m. Engl. Bot. t. 1848 

 (1808). Verrucaria epidermidis var. fallax Nyl. in Bot. Not. 

 1852, p. 178; var. analepta f. fallax Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 119 

 (1870) ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 432 ; ed. 3, p. 464. V. analeptella 

 Nyl. in Flora Iv. p. 363 (1872) e descript. ; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, 

 p. 464. 



Exsicc. Bohl. n. 66 ; Mudd n. 292. 



Characterized by the distinct paraphyses, but in form and appear- 

 ance very similar to the preceding, of which it may be only a variety 

 or growth form. V. analeptella has been included here, as Nylander 

 says it differs from V. analepta only in the possession of distinct 



