1908.] OF THE BATKACHIAN GENUS HEMISUS. 897 



The two muscles belonging to the suprascapular series of the 

 serratus group arise respectively from the transverse processes of 

 the third and fourth vertebras. That arising from the fourth 

 vertebra, and which therefore represents the retrahens sca2nd(P of 

 Eana, is much the more slender of the two. It is a flat strap- 

 shaped muscle of much the same diameter throughout. It is 

 inserted on to the end of the suprascapula by a flat tendon. The 

 shorter and wider muscle arises from the transverse j)rocess of 

 the third vertebra and is inserted on to the suprascapula along a 

 wider line of insertion than that of the last-described muscle, 

 but in contact with it at its extremity. It corresponds, as I 

 imagine, to that double-layered muscle in Bcma gujypyi which I 

 have identified provisionally with the transverso-sccqndaris tertias 

 of Rcma esculenta. The chief reason which leads me to this 

 inference is that the anterior lymph-heart lies between it and the 

 retrahens scapulfe just described. Moreover, the muscle is dis- 

 tinctly composed of two layers, or rather it may be better to 

 speak of the lower layer as a distinct muscle, since it is more oval 

 in section than the superjacent layer". In this case the deeper 

 layer may be really the equivalent of the third " serratus " muscle 

 described above in Emm guppyi. The two muscles (or three) 

 which have been just desci-ibecl run in a direction which is not 

 far from parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body, being- 

 directed obliquely inwards from behind forwards to that axis, and 

 they constitute those muscles belonging to the serratus system 

 wiiioh are inserted upon the suprascapula. There is also besides 

 the cucullai-is, which has been already referred to, another head 

 muscle, the levator anguli scaptdce, which is also attaclied to and 

 beneath the suprascapula. 



There now remain certain muscles of the seiTatus complex which 

 are inserted upon the scapula. Of these there is first of all the 

 obvious homologue of the transverso-sccqyulai-is major of liana. 

 This consists, as in Rana, of two heads arising respectively from 

 the transverse processes of the third and fourth vertebrae. The two 

 heads are entirely fleshy and more equal in size than in Rana; they 

 combine to form a single muscle which is inserted low down on the 

 scapula. The direction of this muscle is quite at right angles to 

 that of the suprascapular series of the serratus complex. A second 

 large muscle lies in front of that which has just been described 

 and its fibres run about parallel with those of the transverso- 

 scapularis major, and are inserted on to the junction of the scapula 

 and the suprascapula if the junction is fixed by the chano-e of 

 direction of the bony scapula from the chiefly osseous, partly car- 

 tilaginous supra-scapula ; indeed, perhaps the bulk of the fibres 

 are really attached to the suprascapula. This muscle arises well in 

 front of the third vertebra, but its origin is not covered by the 

 suprascapula. I suppose that it may be compared with the ti-ans- 

 verso-scapularis minor (Ecker) of Rana esculenta ; but the origin 

 is different and the muscle actually and relatively much larger. 

 When the abdominal viscera are removed or pushed aside, the 



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