1908.] OF THE BATRACHIAN GENUS HEMISUS. 913 



Wlieu the thigh-muscles are viewed from the outside more 

 muscles are visible without dissection than in the corresponding 

 view of Rana. Several of these are shown in text-fig. 183, p. 919. 

 The rectus a7iiicusfemorls is a thin and slender muscle as in Rhino- 

 derma *, and broadening out it ends on the surface of the vastus 

 internus, the head of origin of which is also visible on the present 

 view. On the same side of the glutseus the ilio-psoas is also 

 visible without any further dissection. The vastus externus is 

 not at all of unusual size as it is in Brevicejys t ; and the biceps, 

 which comes next, is perhaps rather large. The ptyriformis, 

 distinctly broad, is as usual inserted dipping down between this 

 anuscle and the last of those belonging to the dorsal series, which 

 is, of course, the semimembranosus. 



§ Abdominal Viscera. 



The liver consists of three lobes and is rather different from 

 that of Brevicejos. In the first place, it does not in the veiy least 

 conceal the heart. Secondly, it does not only possess three lobes 

 as in Rana, but the right half of the liver is much smaller than 

 the two lobes which together constitute the left half of the gland. 

 These two lobes are not completely separated. The gall-bladder 

 is la,rge and spherical and almost hidden by the right lobe. 



The gastro-hepatic ligament shows an interesting strvictural 

 feature which may or may not be common to othei- Frogs. The 

 ligament in question is, of course, part of the ventral mesentery of 

 the alimentary canal. The ligament does not extend far forward 

 along the stomach ; it is limited to about the last one-third of an 

 inch of the stomach before it bends abruptly to join the duodenum. 

 In this course four gastrohepatic vessels, which later join to form 

 two, and which are separated by a nearly if not cpiite anangious 

 section of the membrane from that close to the duodenum which 

 carries the main portal vein. 



The stomach (text-fig. 181, st., p. 914) when cut open is seen to 

 be marked internally by thick rug?e, of which I counted eleven near 

 to the end of that organ. It is notewoi-thy that in this region at 

 any rate five or six of these rugie are to some extent connected by 

 transversely running folds, a coarse network being thus formed. 

 The remaining plicae of the internal surface of the stomach ai'e 

 completely detached folds without any connecting folds. These 

 simple separate folds occupy the ventral surface of the organ ; the 

 others are dorsal, and the internal surface of the stomach is fairly 

 evenly divided between them. As in Rhinoderma, the stomach 

 does not end where it bends sharply to the right and narrows. 

 It is thus V-shaped and its lining ends very abruptly where the 

 duodenum begins. 



The duodenum (text-fig. 181, i.) is marked by very fine and 

 transverse delicate folds or valvulas conniventes. There is no 



* P. Z. S. 1908. p. 691. t i'. Z- «• 1908, p. 26. 



58* 



