582 DR. J. SYMINGTON ON THE [NoV. 17, 



The relation of the bone to the organ of Jacohson corresponds 

 essentially to that of the palatine process of the premaxilla in various 

 mammals. 



Turbinated Processes. 



The only author who appears to make any reference to these 

 processes is' Prof. Zuckerkandl (5). In fig. 1 of plate i. of his work 

 he gives a drawing of the external wall of the left nasal cavity as 

 exposed by a sagittal section immediately to the left of the septum 

 nasi. For the sake of comparison, I divided the posterior part of 

 the nose in my specimen in a similar manner. The right part, 

 consisting of the right nasal cavity and septum nasi, was divided in 

 a transverse vertical direction and the sections mounted for micro- 

 scopic examination, while the outer wall of the left nasal cavity was 

 preserved for naked-eye examination. 



The result of my investigations differs considerably from those of 

 Professor Zuckerkandl ; and I think it extremely probable from the 

 drawing he gives that his specimen had been partially macerated 

 or at least imperfectly preserved. Zuckerkandl divides the turbin- 

 ated processes into a " Nasenmuschel " (maxillo-turbinal) and three 

 " Reichwiilste " (ethmo-turbinals). The former he describes as 

 belonging to the group of " gefalteten Nasenmuscheln " (p. 10). 

 These are turbinals which show on their free surface some longi- 

 tudinal grooves. 



I am satisfied that the maxillo-turbinal constitutes a well-marked 

 example of the branching variety (verastigte Muschel) such as is 

 found in the common Seal. Transverse sections show that the 

 turbinal springs from the outer wall and that its branches almost 

 entirely fill the corresponding part of the nasal cavity, reaching close 

 to the nasal septum. The turbinal is pretty well ossified, but the 

 smaller branches are often tipped with cartilage. Unfortunately in 

 my specimen the spirit had not penetrated properly into this part of 

 the nose, so that the character of the mucous membrane covering 

 them could not be properly determined. In a well-macerated skull 

 kindly lent me by A. Wilson, Esq., L.D.S. (Edin.), the branches of 

 this turbinal can be easily recognized. The maxillo-turbinal extends 

 backwards so as to lie partly below the ethmo-turbiaals, but it is 

 separated from the latter by a well-marked groove. 



The ethmo-turbinals (Reichwiilste) are described by Zuckerkaudl 

 as three in number. The majority of Osmatic mammals have five, 

 and I think this number can be distinguished in the Ornithorhynchus 

 (see fig. 2, Plate XLIV.). 



The olfactory bulbs and ethmo-turbinals are present, but only 

 moderately well-developed in this animal ; it therefore belongs to 

 the group named by Sir W. Turner (4 a) Microsmatic. 



The soft palate was about 1 cm. in length, and the epiglottis 

 projected upwards behind it. In another adult specimen in my 

 possession I found a similar intra-narial position of the epiglottis. 



