32 



THE CRANIOMETRY OF SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND INDIANS. 



28. circ(g). Horizontal arc over the glabella: the circumference over the most prominent part of the 

 glabella and the most projecting part of the posterior portion of the cranium. Measuring tape. 



29. circ(on). Horizontal circumference over the ophryon: the circumference over the ophryon, the point 

 of intersection of the least frontal breadth line and the median sagittal plane, and the opisthocranium as in 

 the above. Measuring tape. 



30. circ(po-po). Transverse arc": the arc from the porion, the point on the rim of the auditory meatus 

 .directly above its center, over the bregma to the corresponding point on the opposite side. Measuring tape. 



31. n-ba. Basal facial length : the distance from nasion to basion, the middle point on the anterior rim 

 of the occipital foramen. Craniometer. 



32. ba-b. Cranial height: the distance from basion to bregma. Craniometer. 



33. cran. ht. Total cranial height: the distance from basion to the highest point on the skull in a plane 

 perpendicular to the Frankfort horizontal and passing through the basion. Goniometer. 



34. ba-pr. Facial length : from basion to prosthion. Craniometer. 



35. ba-gn. Basion-gnathion length: from basion to gnathion. Craniometer. 



36. ba-o. Length of the occipital foramen : the distance from basion to opisthion. Slide-compass. 



37. max.br. Breadth of occipital foramen : the maximum breadth of the occipital foramen, perpendicular 

 to the length line. Slide-compass. 



■ 38. l-o. Occipital chord ; the distance between the points lambda and opisthion. Slide-compass. 



39. arc 1-0. Occipital arc: the arc from lambda to opisthion. Measuring tape. 



40. arc n-o. Total sagittal arc: the circumference from nasion to opisthion. Measuring tape. 



41. ast-ast. Occipital breadth : the distance between the two points at the junction of the three sutures, 

 parieto-mastoid, parieto-occipital, and occipito-mastoid, on each side of the occipital bone, asterion. Slide- 

 compass. 



42. ms-ms. Mastoid breadth : the distance between the points of the two mastoids. Slide-compass. 



43. mx. alv. Ig. Maxillo-alveolar length : the distance from the most anterior point of the alveolar border, 

 between the two middle incisors, to the median point of the line tangent to the most posterior extremity 

 of the alveolar border, which may be obtained by placing a fine knitting needle in the grooves between 

 the border and the lateral plate of the pterygoid process. Slide-compass. 



44. mx. alv. br. Maxillo-alveolar breadth : the distance between the outer alveolar borders which spans 

 the greatest distance. Slide-compass. 



45. pal. Ig. Palatal length ; the distance between the median point of the line tangent to the inner 

 alveolar border of the two middle incisors and the median point of the line tangent to the two indentations 

 in the posterior border of the palate. Slide-compass. 



46. pal. br. Palatal breadth: the distance from the inner alveolar border of the second molar to the 

 corresponding point on the opposite side. Slide-compass. 



47. aur. ht. Auricular height: the perpendicular distance between two planes parallel to the Frankfort 

 Horizontal; one, passing through the poria, the other, tangent to the top of the cranium at the median 

 point located by the intersection of the sagittal curve and a plane perpendicular to the Frankfort Horizontal 

 and passing through the poria. 



48. go-go. Bigonial breadth: the distance between the gonion, the point on the angle of the lower jaw 

 which is directed most downwards, outwards, and backwards, on one side to the corresponding point on 

 the other side. Slide-compass. 



49. ht. ramus. Height of ramus: from gonion to top of condyle. Slide-compass. 



50. condylar br. of mand. Condylar breadth of mandible : the distance between the two outermost points 

 on the condyles. Slide-compass. 



51. br. ramus. Breadth of ramus: the least breadth of the ramus between the anterior and posterior 

 borders. Slide-compass. 



52. ang. n. pr. Total profile angle: tlic angle which the nasion-prosthion line makes with the Frankfort 

 Horizontal line. Goniometer. 



53. ang. n. ss. Nasal profile angle: the angle made by the Frankfort Horizontal and the line between 

 nasion and subspinale. This latter point is the median point where the lower anterior border of the 

 anterior nasal spine runs into the alveolar process. Goniometer. 



54. ang. ss. pr. Alveolar profile angle : the angle formed by the line between the subspinale and prosthion 

 and the Frankfort Horizontal. Goniometer. 



55. arc pars cereb. Arc of the pars cerebralis: the portion of the frontal arc from ophryon to bregma. 

 Measuring tape. 



56. arc pars(g). Arc of the pars glabellaris : the portion of the frontal arc from nasion to ophryon. 

 Measuring tape. 



57. cran. cap. Cranial capacity: the number of cubic centimeters in the cranial cavity, measured by the 

 use of mustard seed, as described by Hrdlicka in Science, June 26, 1903. In measuring the skulls which 

 were not from the Peabody Museum a graduated tube made by Eimer and Amend was used instead of the 

 Ranke tube. It has been found that the graduated cylinder made by Eimer and Amend registers 20 cc. to 

 22 cc. higher than the Kankc. A control skull was measured each time before attempting the specimen. 



