LENGTH-AURICULAR HEIGHT INDEX^ SUPERIOR FACE. 9 



LENGTH-AURICULAR HEIGHT INDEX. 



Using the auricular height instead of the basion-bregma height in determining the rela- 

 tion between the length and height of the skull, we find both males and females are in the 

 Hypsicephalic Class, with average indices of 63.19 and 65.14 respectively. The actual 

 average auricular height in the female is 113.59; ™ale, 11 5.4. This leads to the conclusion 

 that the female skull is slightly longer relatively from the auditory meatus to the base. 



TABLE III. 

 Scale of Length-Height Indices. 



Chamaccephalic up to S7-9 



Orthocephalic 58.0-62.9 



Hypsicephalic 63.0 and over 



SUPERIOR FACE. 



The face on the living may be conveniently divided into three areas, (i) the forehead, 

 which is bounded by the eyebrows, (2) the superior face, between the eyebrows and the 

 mouth opening, and (3) the lower face, the remaining portion, the mandible. These do not 

 correspond with the anatomical divisions of the skull ; for example, the upper boundary 

 of the forehead is the somewhat variable hairline which is of course absent on the skull, 

 and the study of the forehead is most naturally included in connection with the frontal 

 bone. The lower face, i. e., the mandible, is detached from the cranium and is adjustable 

 only with some difficulty, thus forming a source of error; moreover, it is very often either 

 missing entirely or broken. Hence, the superior face seems to offer the most satisfactory 

 field for study. The different types of superior face are best demonstrated by the index 

 of the height and breadth lines. A low index means a broad face, chamaeprosopic, while a 

 hig'h one shows a long and narrow face, leptoprosopic. The superior facial index is found 

 by dividing the distance between the nasion and prosthion by the bizygomatic distance as a 



unit. Thus = superior facial index. See Table IV. 



zy — zy 



TABLE IV. 

 Scale of Superior Facial Indices. 



Hyperchamaeprosopic up to 44.9 



Chamaeprosopic 45-49-9 



Mesoprosopic 50-S4.9 



Leptoprosopic 5S-59-9 



Hyperleptoprosopic 60 and over 



The average superior facial height for the female is 67.3 mm., the average breadth is 

 127.6 mm.; for the male they are 69.2 mm. and 132.0 mm. respectively. It is noticeable 

 that while the average indices are the same for the two sexes, showing the same relative 

 facial proportions, yet the actual size of the female is smaller and its limits of variation 

 more nearly approach the mean. The average index, 52.7, which was found by taking the 

 average of all the indices and, as a check, by finding the index of the average facial length 

 Memoirs Conn. Acad., Vol. IV. 2 



