PROBLEM. 



The following investigation is an attempt to determine as accurately and as completely as 

 possible, by the anthropological methods in use at present, the racial cranial characteristics 

 of the Southern New Ensland Indian. 



MATERIAL. 



The material was obtained from the collections at Smith College; Amherst College; 

 Peabody Museum, Cambridge; Park Museum, Providence; one, from the Public Library 

 of Holyoke; three, from Phillips Andover Academy; and several from Charles Carr, 

 Warren, R. I. Only those skulls were selected which, from the places of burial, were 

 known to be probable members of the closely related Algonkian tribes; Nipmucks, Massa- 

 chusetts, Niantics, Narragansetts, and Wampanoags. There'fore, no attempt is made to 

 make any statement in regard to the American Indian in general, but merely concerning 

 those of this restricted area. 



I am deeply indebted to Dr. Harris Hawthorne Wilder, under whose direction this work 

 has been carried on, for his preliminary instruction and constant advice; I wish also to 

 express my appreciation of the many kindnesses extended to me, during my visits at Amherst 

 and Cambridge, by Prof. John Mason Tyler, Prof. Frederic Brewster Loomis and Mr. 

 Harold Plough at Amherst and by Mr. Charles C. Willoughby and Dr. Ernest Hooton at 

 Cambridge. Acknowledgement is due to Mr. Warren King Moorehead, Mr. Charles Carr, 

 Mr. Frank G. Willcox, and Mr. Harold L. Madison for the use of their material. 



LENGTH-BREADTH INDEX. 



The extremes of variation in the greatest length line in the male are between 169 and 

 206.5 mm-,* the average length being 182.2. For the female, the extremes are 158 and 188 

 mm., the average, 175.5 mm. 



The greatest breadth in the male lies between 120 and 151 mm., the average, 134 mm.; 

 for the female, 124 and 145 mm. with an average of 132 mm. 



There seems to be a slight sexual difference; the females are not only smaller but also 

 somewhat broader, i. e., more brachycephalic. 



The frequency curves of the length-breadth indices, figures i and 2, show the modes for 

 the females to be 76 and 79 with two smaller ones at 70 and "jt, or 74. This curve, therefore, 

 seems to have no clearly defined mode, due, no doubt, to lack of numbers. One might 



* An unusually large skull found in Warren, R. I. From the location and from the associated objects in 

 the grave with the body, it was undoubtedly the skull of an important Wampanoag sagamore or councillor, 

 of the mid-seventeenth century. 



