THE GRAVES. \^ 



A portion of the wall shown in text-figure 12 was also demohshed, and the serial num- 

 ber 10 was given to the place, as we supposed at first that we had located another grave; 

 but we were disappointed, and the assigned number remains nude. 



Cave ii. 



Not far from the rock-shelter described above, a grave was found in a small chamber 

 at the rear of a large natural cave formed by a group of irregular bowlders. Text-figure 

 13 shows an interesting photograph of this place. My. two most helpful native assistants, 

 Alvarez and Richarte, stand at the rear of the cave, the latter being nearly in the center of 

 the view. In the foreground is the fiber packing case carried by the Indians during our 

 days on the mountainside. When filled with dry bones packed with excelsior or moss, 

 the case made only a moderate load for a man; but when, as often happened, the cargo 

 was largely composed of pottery, none of the Indians was overanxious to serve as cargador 

 on the way back to camp. On these occasions Alvarez and Richarte generally persuaded 

 the dull-witted Fuentes, who is seated at the left, that it was his turn to carry the case. 

 Although the poor fellow was sadly imposed upon by his livelier companions, I must con- 

 fess to some enjoyment of the trick practised on him, for he always groaned and complained 

 that the load was too heavy, even when I knew it to be extremely light. The Indian at 

 the right of the view is the gendarme Jiminez, who was detailed to assist us until the end 

 of our work. 



The nearly complete skeleton (Ost. Coll. 3165) of a woman of the coast about fifty 

 years of age was taken from this grave, the mandible being apparently the only part 

 lacking. The skull (Plate XV) is unusually robust for a woman, having veiy heavy orbital 

 margins and correspondingly full development of the glabella and supraorbital ridges. A 

 healed lesion is presented near the right parietal eminence, the cranial wall at this point 

 being 18 mm. in thickness. The position of the skeleton, as shown in the diagram, was 

 that of a mummy originally made up in the contracted position, that had either been laid 

 on its back or had fallen backward when decay of the soft tissues caused the bones to drop 

 apart. For the enlightenment of those of my readers who are interested in the inflammatory 

 diseases of the Peruvians, I have had two very interesting skiagrams made of this skull. 

 These are shown on Plate XXXIII. Views of the pelvis may be seen on Plate XXIX. 



A mandible of a child about eighteen months old was found in the grave. This may 

 be a relic of an earlier burial. We also collected several fragments of llama bones, repre- 

 senting food for the dead; also a ladle or deep plate from which the handle had long ago 

 been lost, and part of a medium-sized beaker-shaped olla. The only other article saved 

 was a needle, 87 mm. long, made from a plant spine by drilling a small hole in the basal 

 end. Without the pierced eye, one of these spines makes an excellent pin or skewer for 

 giving first aid to a badly rent garment. Nature provides a generous supply of these handy 

 pins; in fact, it is sometimes painfully evident that the supply exceeds the demand. 



Between the excavations of Graves 11 and 12, three caves were visited, but nothing was 

 found to indicate that they had ever been used for burial purposes. It was of course not 

 always possible to distinguish an unoccupied natural cave from a burial cave, until the 

 vegetation and earth had been removed from the entrance. 

 Memoirs CoN>f. Acad., Vol. V. 2 



