56 THE COLLECTION OF OSTEOLOGICAL MATERL\L FROM MACHU PICCHU. 



proportions that I have not observed in female skeletons of this race, and the skull 3214 is 

 the only skull from Cave 53 that can reasonably be assigned to a male skeleton. No pelvic 

 bones were recovered from this cave. They were probably too poorly preserved to save, 

 which is quite in harmony with the fact that the proximal ends of the femora and the 

 distal ends of the tibiae have been entirely destroyed through decay. The other two skulls 

 are adult female, and they are not nearly so well preserved as that just described. 



Cave 54. 



The location of this cave was about 500 yards southeasterly from camp, and its yield 

 comprised : Two human skulls with mandibles ; fragmentary vertebrje, ribs, and long bones ; 

 some sherds, a small bronze pin, and a small bronze knife with the handle end finished in 

 the design of a llama's head. 



Skull and mandible (Ost. Coll. 3216), a large adult male, with the brow ridges and 

 glabella strongly developed, while the zygomata and the occipital squama, on which the 

 external protuberance and curved lines are barely visible, have a strikingly female appearance. 

 The skull is imperfect and is badly warped out of shape. 



The fragmentary long bones that accompany this skull call for no special comment, except 

 that burial in the contracted position is indicated by the way in which they have decayed. 



Skull and mandible (Ost. Coll. 3217), adult male(?). Sexual characters are not suffi- 

 ciently pronounced to render the determination certain. The skull is too imperfect to admit 

 of measurement of cranial capacity, but this may be estimated at about 1350 ccm. by 

 comparison with another skull similar in type, and having almost exactly the same diameters 

 of the vault. 



Cave 55. 



This cave was about 500 yards from the camp in a southerly direction and a little above 

 the level of the Rock-sheltered Terrace. Its contents were reported as follows : "Decayed 

 fragments of a skull and jaw, leg-bones and other bones, and pieces of ollas." Nearly 

 all the human bones in this lot appear to belong to the skeleton of a child twelve or thirteen 

 years of age, the male sex being clearly shown by the pelvic bones. Another individual of 

 about the same age or a little older is represented by a fragment of a left ilium. The 

 specimen is so imperfect that I cannot determine its sex. These human bones afford no 

 indication of the burial positions and call for no further comment. They were accompanied 

 by a miscellaneous assortment of broken llama bones, and by two bones (Ost. Coll. 3386), 

 a left metatarsus or cannon-bone and an imperfect left tibia that should be referred to Ptidiia, 

 a genus of diminutive deer, one species of which has been found in Chile and another in 

 Equador, though according to Trouessart's Catalogue of 1904, neither form has been reported 

 from Peru. The length of the metatarsus or cannon-bone is only 96 mm., yet the complete 

 fusion of the distal epiphysis with the shaft shows that the bone is from the skeleton of 

 a full-grown animal. The two recognized species of Pudna are of very small size, the 

 height at the withers of P. piidu, the species found in the Chilean Andes, being about 

 12J/2 inches,* while the corresponding height of the Equadorian P. nicpliisfopliclcs (from 

 the skin of a nearly full-grown female) is stated by Wintonj to be about 320 mm. He 



* Lydckkcr, Deer of .Ml T-:uids. i8y8, page 308. 



t Proc. Zool, Soc. London, i8(j6, page .=;o8 and PI. XIX. 



