64 the collection of osteological material from machu picchu. 



Cave 68. 



This cave was very near to that last mentioned. Besides an adult female skeleton (Ost. 

 Coll. 3225) in fair but not perfect state of preservation, it yielded a woman's bronze pin 

 (M. P. 770) 2-/. J cm. in length, and two small problematic earthenware disks (M. P. 



594. 595)- 



The skull is large, having a capacity of approximately 1280 ccm. It has been deformed 



in the coastal fashion by the pressure of a flat surface on the occipital squama. As this 



deformation was seldom or never practised in the highlands, it constitutes almost as good 



evidence of birth in a coastal settlement as would a naturally brachycephalic form. The 



woman's height, as calculated from the long bones by Manouvrier's method, was approxi- 



mateh- 1.49 meters. Fragments of the pelvis leave no doubt regarding the sex. 



Cave 69. 



This cave was south of the city, at a higher elevation, and on the side of the mountain 

 toward Intihuatana, i. e., the' western slope. Skeletons of an adult woman and of a child 

 about a year and a half old were collected, also a fire-blackened beaker-shaped olla, 27 

 small stone beads and a handsomely decorated saucer. 



The woman's skull (Ost. Coll. 3226) is a good example of the undeformed oblong 

 mountain type. Her age did not exceed thirty years. The pelvis was not collected, but the 

 long bones are in a state of excellent preservation. They are below the average female 

 length, and indicate the low stature of about 1.37 meters. While it is reasonable to suppose 

 that the two skeletons are those of mother and child, there is no proof that such is the case. 



Cave 70. 



From this cave "half-wav down the mountainside, northeast of the city," a few very 

 poor fragments of two skeletons were collected. Both were female, as shown by the pelvis, 

 and while one was adult, the other was hardly more than eighteen years of age. The skulls 

 are too fragmentary to afford any indications regarding their physical type. 



Cave 71. 



The location given is "two-thirds of the way up the iMachu Picchu mountain, south of 

 the city." The partially decayed skeleton (Ost. Coll. 3227) of a young male Indian of the 

 mountain type was collected, with a few pieces of broken pottery. The skull (Plate XXV, 

 figures I, 2 and 3) displays a moderate Aymara-like deformation, and for an adult male is 

 light and noticeably weak in the development of the zygomata and orbital margins. The 

 other skeletal parts, however, are much more stoutly formed, and are fairly rugose, although 

 the man's height, estimated from the length of the femora, was only about 1.57 meters, which 

 is a trifle below the mean arithmetic height of 1.602 meters for Ouechua and Ayniara 

 males. From the fact that the skull, is bleached by exposure to light and air, while the rest 

 of the skeleton is discolored, it is probable that the grave was shallow and the remains not 

 entirely covered. The position is not indicated. 



A few pieces of llama bone show that some provision was made for Uic supi^oscd 

 requirements of the dead. 



