68 THE COLLECTION OF OSTEOLOGICAL MATERIAL FROM MACHU PICCHU. 



The first skull (Ost. Coll. 3232) obtained from this cave is that of a medium-sized woman 

 about forty 3'ears of age. It is undeformed and is a good example of the coast type, the 

 cranial inde.x being 86.5. Other imperfectly preserved skeletal parts corroborate but add 

 nothing further to the observations made upon the skull. 



The second individual is represented by a small adult male skull (Ost. Coll. 3233) restored 

 from many pieces and shovi'ing Aymara deformation, by pelvic fragments presenting unmis- 

 takable male characters, and by long bones that, while short and light in the diameters of 

 their shafts, have very rugose surfaces for muscular attachment. Judging from the length 

 (bicondylar), 378 mm., of a femur, the man must have been of very low stature. It is 

 interesting to note that while the man's age, indicated by the teeth and sutures, was about 

 thirty-five years, the mastoid processes of the skull are much smaller than those of the average 

 woman. 



Of the third individual, there are some long bones and some cranial fragments exhibiting 

 Aymara deformation. It is evident that these are the bones of a small adult woman. A 

 few pieces of llama bones are included in the contents of the cave. 



, The notes on this cave show that the only small articles collected were a few small 

 potsherds and two pottery spindle whorls (Plate IV, figures 2 and 3) which. Professor 

 Bingham informs me, "are like nothing else found at Machu Picchu," being "much more 

 elaborate than those of the mountains." It is quite possible that the owner brought these 

 whorls from the coast. 



Cave 78. 



This cave was very near the preceding one. According to the record, three skulls, one of 

 them in good condition and the others badly broken, were found here, together with various 

 other bones, some oddly marked sherds and a pair of bronze tweezers. 



One individual not more than sixteen years old is represented by a well-preser\'ed skull 

 (Ost. Coll. 3234) accompanied by other parts of the skeleton. The sex is uncertain, but 

 from the characters of those portions of the pelvis that were saved and from the large size 

 of the skull, it appears probable that the child was male. This skeleton is of unusual interest 

 because of the alterations produced in the form of the left tibia through syphilitic 

 osteomyelitis. Photographic views of this tibia and also of the right tibia, which appear 

 to be normal, are shown with the fibulas in Plate XXXVI, and skiagrams of the tibi?e, in 

 Plate XXXVII. The change in the curvature of the diseased bone is not, as in typical 

 examples of rickets, efifected by a uniform bending, associated with the formation of a 

 buttress of new bone along the concavity of the curve. That the curvature of the posterior 

 surface of the shaft has remained practically unchanged, is evident upon comparison with 

 the right tibia. There is really no bending of the shaft, but the general anterior convexity 

 has been increased by the formation of new bone along the median and lateral surfaces of 

 the upper two-thirds of the shaft, the distal third of the bone being essentially normal 

 and similar to the corresponding portion of the right limb. Another striking and significant 

 difference between the right and left tibiae is that the latter (the diseased one) is 2 cm. 

 longer, this discrepancy in measurements being supposedly due to the excessive formation 

 of bone at the proximal end of the diaphysis, following the inflammation of the intermcdian' 

 cartilage and the tissues in its immediate neighborhood. The left fibula was not involved, 



